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Hypertension in the elderly: epidemiology and pathophysiology
1Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Monash University Medical School, Alfred Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy
|January 1, 1991
Summary
Blood pressure increases with age, with over 50% of Western adults over 70 being hypertensive. The exact causes of age-related hypertension remain unclear, but increased peripheral resistance is a key factor.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Hypertension Research
Background:
- Blood pressure (BP) consistently rises with age in most populations.
- Hypertension prevalence exceeds 50% in Western adults in their 70s.
- Hypertension is a significant risk factor for vascular disease, particularly in the elderly.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the underlying mechanisms of age-related increases in blood pressure.
- To identify the primary hemodynamic abnormalities associated with aging and hypertension.
- To explore potential contributing factors to the rise in blood pressure with advancing age.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of epidemiological data on blood pressure trends across age groups.
- Review of physiological changes associated with normal aging.
- Examination of hemodynamic parameters in aging populations.
Main Results:
- A significant increase in blood pressure with advancing age is observed.
- The primary hemodynamic abnormality identified is increased peripheral resistance.
- Potential contributing factors include reduced renal function, decreased baroreceptor sensitivity, and increased sympathetic activity.
Conclusions:
- The exact mechanisms driving age-related hypertension are not fully established.
- Increased peripheral resistance appears to be a major factor in elevated blood pressure in the elderly.
- Further research is needed to isolate the specific physiological changes responsible for this phenomenon.