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Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure to...
Transduction01:16

Transduction

Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome are...
Global Regulatory Systems01:28

Global Regulatory Systems

Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...
Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme nitrate reductase...
Responses to Heat and Cold Stress02:45

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
Other Stress Responses in Bacteria01:30

Other Stress Responses in Bacteria

Bacteria have global regulatory systems that control several types of stress mechanisms. These include Pho regulon and the heat shock response, which are essential systems for environmental adaptation, such as nutrient limitation and proteotoxic stress. The Pho regulon and the heat shock response exemplify bacterial resilience, enabling rapid adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions.Pho RegulonBacteria require phosphorus for essential cellular processes, including nucleic acid...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO&#8226;) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO&#8226; Signals in Single Cells
08:32

Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO•) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO• Signals in Single Cells

Published on: March 16, 2017

Nitrate signaling: adaptation to fluctuating environments.

Gabriel Krouk1, Nigel M Crawford, Gloria M Coruzzi

  • 1Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, 1009 Main Building, NY 10003, USA. gk40@nyu.edu

Current Opinion in Plant Biology
|January 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nitrate (NO(3)(-)) is vital for plant metabolism and development. Understanding its regulatory networks offers solutions for nitrate pollution and toxicity, enhancing agricultural sustainability and human health.

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO&#8226;) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO&#8226; Signals in Single Cells
08:32

Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO•) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO• Signals in Single Cells

Published on: March 16, 2017

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07:49

Novel Whole-tissue Quantitative Assay of Nitric Oxide Levels in Drosophila Neuroinflammatory Response

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07:19

Preparation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates for Nitrate and Nitrite Measurements

Published on: July 29, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Nitrate (NO(3)(-)) is a crucial nutrient and signaling molecule in plants.
  • Nitrate uptake and metabolism are complex processes with significant environmental and health implications.
  • Recent advances include cataloging the nitrate transcriptome and identifying key signaling components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe genes involved in nitrate regulation.
  • To explain how these genes influence nitrate transport and assimilation.
  • To discuss systems biology's role in understanding nitrate signaling adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research on nitrate regulation.
  • Analysis of the nitrate transcriptome.
  • Discussion of systems biology approaches.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key genes mediating nitrate regulation, transport, and assimilation.
  • Elucidation of regulatory networks controlling plant responses to nitrate.
  • Highlighting the importance of systems biology in understanding adaptation to fluctuating nitrate levels.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding nitrate regulatory networks is essential for addressing pollution and toxicity.
  • Systems biology provides powerful tools for dissecting complex gene networks in nitrate signaling.
  • This knowledge can lead to sustainable agricultural practices and improved human health.