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Related Experiment Videos

Using embryonic stem cells to introduce mutations into the mouse germ line.

E J Robertson1

  • 1Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York 10032.

Biology of Reproduction
|February 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Generating transgenic mice using embryonic stem (ES) cells allows for precise genetic modification. This technology enables the creation of unique animal models for biological research through gene transfer and targeted gene editing.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Transgenic animals are crucial for studying gene function and biological processes.
  • Traditional methods for creating transgenic mice are often inefficient.
  • Embryonic stem (ES) cells offer a powerful platform for genetic manipulation in mice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the generation of transgenic mice using ES cells.
  • To highlight the applications of ES cells in genetic engineering.
  • To discuss gene transfer, insertional mutagenesis, and gene targeting.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing tissue culture cell lines of embryonic stem (ES) cells.
  • Employing gene transfer techniques for genetic alteration of ES cells.

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  • Generating chimeric mice by transferring genetically modified ES cells into carrier embryos.
  • Implementing retrovirally mediated mutagenesis for random insertional mutations.
  • Applying homologous recombination (gene targeting) for precise genetic modifications.

    • Main Results:

    • ES cells can be genetically modified in vitro and retain their developmental potential.
    • Genetically altered ES cells can integrate into all tissues of chimeric mice, contributing to the germ line.
    • This system allows for the production of unique transgenic mouse strains.
    • Both random insertional mutagenesis and precise gene targeting are feasible using ES cells.

    Conclusions:

    • ES cell technology provides a versatile and efficient method for generating transgenic mice.
    • This approach facilitates the study of gene function and the development of novel disease models.
    • ES cells are instrumental in advancing genetic research and creating precise genetic modifications in vivo.