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Related Concept Videos

Channel Rhodopsins01:11

Channel Rhodopsins

Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
Rhodopsins belong to the family of cell surface proteins called G-protein coupled receptors,...
Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents00:49

Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents

In gravimetry, the precipitant is chosen carefully to obtain a pure solid that can be easily filtered. Common inorganic precipitants can be used to determine several cations and anions. In some cases, the formation of the same precipitate can be used to determine the cation and the anion. For example, the reaction of barium and chromate ions to give barium chromate is used to determine both barium and chromate. However, precipitates such as hydroxides, oxalates, and metal ammonium phosphates...
Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
Types of Reversible Electrodes01:24

Types of Reversible Electrodes

For electrode reversibility to be maintained, all the reactants and products involved in the half-reaction must be present at the electrode. There are several types of reversible electrodes (half-cells).In metal-metal-ion electrodes, a metal balances electrochemically with a solution of its own ions. Examples are Cu2+|Cu and Zn2+|Zn. Metals that react with the solvent, like group 1 and most group 2 metals, which react with water, and zinc, which reacts with aqueous acidic solutions, cannot be...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

An Electrochemical Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Device for Quick and Low-Voltage Color Modulation
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Published on: February 27, 2019

Inorganic photochromic and cathodochromic recording materials.

R C Duncan, B W Faughnan, W Phillips

    Applied Optics
    |January 23, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study explores inorganic photochromic materials, which change color with light. Researchers investigated rare-earth-doped calcium fluoride, transition-metal-doped titanates, and doped sodalites for photochromic and cathodochromic applications.

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    Inkjet Printing All Inorganic Halide Perovskite Inks for Photovoltaic Applications

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Solid State Chemistry

    Background:

    • Photochromic materials exhibit reversible color change upon light exposure.
    • Inorganic photochromic materials often display cathodochromism, coloring under electron beam irradiation.
    • Recent advancements focus on developing novel inorganic photochromic systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the photochromic and cathodochromic properties of three classes of inorganic materials.
    • To evaluate these materials in both single crystal and powder forms.
    • To contribute to the understanding of structure-property relationships in photochromic systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Synthesis and characterization of rare-earth-doped CaF(2).
    • Investigation of transition-metal-doped SrTiO(3) and CaTiO(3).
    • Study of iron- or sulfur-doped sodalite materials.
    • Assessment of photochromic response to light illumination.
    • Evaluation of cathodochromic behavior under electron beam irradiation.

    Main Results:

    • Detailed analysis of photochromic behavior in doped CaF(2), titanates, and sodalites.
    • Characterization of cathodochromic properties for selected powder samples.
    • Comparison of properties between single crystal and powder forms.
    • Identification of promising candidates for photochromic and cathodochromic applications.

    Conclusions:

    • The studied inorganic materials exhibit significant photochromic and cathodochromic potential.
    • Material form (crystal vs. powder) influences photochromic and cathodochromic responses.
    • Further research can optimize these materials for specific applications.