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Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments01:30

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over short distances...

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Measurement of Compressive Stress-Strain Response at Small-Strains
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New noncontact devices for measuring small microdisplacements.

J Simon

    Applied Optics
    |January 23, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    A novel visual method for optical settings offers 100x greater sensitivity for focus detection. This enhanced sensitivity is achieved through photoelectric adaptation and two new devices for precise focus maintenance.

    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Metrology
    • Instrumentation

    Background:

    • Accurate focus detection is critical in longitudinal optical settings.
    • Conventional methods often lack the required sensitivity for precise measurements.
    • Existing techniques may not be suitable for dynamic or longitudinal observations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and validate a highly sensitive visual method for focus detection.
    • To describe a photoelectric adaptation of this visual method.
    • To present and compare two novel devices for maintaining focus with high sensitivity.

    Main Methods:

    • Recalling a visual method based on observing modulations from periodic tests at shifted depths.
    • Developing a photoelectric adaptation for enhanced signal detection.

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  • Designing two devices: one measuring modulation differences, the other encircled energy differences.

    • Main Results:

    • The visual method demonstrates 100 times greater sensitivity than conventional techniques.
    • Photoelectric adaptation successfully translates the visual method for electronic measurement.
    • Both developed devices show capability in maintaining focus with high sensitivity.

    Conclusions:

    • The described visual and photoelectric methods offer a significant advancement in focus detection sensitivity.
    • The two novel devices provide effective means for precise focus maintenance in optical systems.
    • This approach is suitable for longitudinal optical settings requiring high precision.