Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
Accelerated...

Overview of Microscopy Techniques

Overview of Microscopy Techniques

The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...

X-ray Crystallography

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...

$X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples$ 01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...

Determination of Crystal Structures

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Propagation of optical pulses with spatial and temporal dependence.

Applied optics·2010

Same author

Globality and speed of optical parallel processors.

Applied optics·2010

Same author

About periodicities in 3-D wavefields.

Applied optics·2010

Same author

Theory of two-photon Doppler-broadened probe absorption.

Optics letters·2009

Same author

Spatial correlation singularity of a vortex field.

Physical review letters·2004

Same author

Vector diffraction theory for electromagnetic waves.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision·2001

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Published on: July 1, 2019

Study of rough surfaces by light scattering.

A S Marathay, L Heiko, J L Zuckerman

|January 23, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Radiation scattering from rough surfaces was studied using coherence theory. Random phase variations significantly alter scattered light properties more than random amplitude absorption, impacting optical imaging.

More Related Videos

Measuring Spatially- and Directionally-varying Light Scattering from Biological Material

Measuring Spatially- and Directionally-varying Light Scattering from Biological Material

Published on: May 20, 2013

Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgels

Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgels

Published on: September 8, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Published on: July 1, 2019

Measuring Spatially- and Directionally-varying Light Scattering from Biological Material

Measuring Spatially- and Directionally-varying Light Scattering from Biological Material

Published on: May 20, 2013

Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgels

Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgels

Published on: September 8, 2016

Area of Science:

Physics
Optics
Wave Scattering

Background:

Understanding radiation scattering from rough surfaces is crucial in optics.
Scalar coherence theory provides a framework for analyzing wave propagation and scattering phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

To formulate the problem of radiation scattering from rough surfaces using scalar coherence theory.
To quantitatively study scatterer properties via intensity measurements in the scattered field.
To compare the effects of random phase variation versus random amplitude absorption on scattered radiation.

Main Methods:

Formulation of scattering using scalar coherence theory.
Experimental analysis of intensity measurements in the scattered field.
Development of mathematical models for random phase and amplitude media.
Calculation of Doppler broadening and spatial incoherence conditions.

Main Results:

Demonstrated quantitative study of scatterer properties through intensity measurements.
Explicit calculation of Doppler broadening and spatial incoherence for different media.
Identified conditions for rendering scattered fields spatially incoherent for optical imaging.

Conclusions:

Media introducing random phase variations have a greater impact on scattered field statistical properties than those with random amplitude absorption.
The study provides insights into controlling scattered light for applications like optical imaging.