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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...

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Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO
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Published on: February 12, 2013

A computer-controlled infrared eclipse telescope.

R H Lee, R M Macqueen, W G Mankin

    Applied Optics
    |January 23, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new telescope system captures infrared spectra of the solar corona. This instrument utilizes a Michelson interferometer and a cooled bolometer for detailed thermal emission analysis.

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    Area of Science:

    • * Solar Physics
    • * Infrared Astronomy
    • * Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • * Understanding the solar corona's thermal emission is crucial for solar physics.
    • * Previous methods may have limitations in spectral resolution or sensitivity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • * To construct and utilize a novel telescope system for infrared spectral observations of the solar corona.
    • * To analyze the thermal emission spectrum of the solar corona in the 7-13 micrometer range.

    Main Methods:

    • * An f/8, chopped, dual-beam, gyroscopically pointed telescope was employed.
    • * A scanning Michelson interferometer with a germanium beam splitter and a germanium bolometer (2 K) were utilized.
    • * A digital computer controlled the experiment, data acquisition, and synchronous detection for noise reduction.

    Main Results:

    • * The system successfully obtained infrared spectra of the solar corona's thermal emission.
    • * Interferograms were recorded and stored for further processing.
    • * Fourier transformed spectra could be generated in near real-time.

    Conclusions:

    • * The developed telescope system is effective for infrared spectral observations of the solar corona.
    • * The instrument enables detailed analysis of the corona's thermal emission spectrum.
    • * The combination of advanced optics, cryogenics, and digital processing offers significant advantages.