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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Near-Infrared Temperature Measurement Technique for Water Surrounding an Induction-heated Small Magnetic Sphere
08:52

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Published on: April 30, 2018

Superfluid-helium-cooled rocket-borne far-infrared radiometer.

A G Blair, F Edeskuty, R D Hiebert

    Applied Optics
    |January 23, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A far-infrared radiometer was tested on a rocket flight to measure night-sky radiation. While a nose cone issue prevented data collection, the instrument performed satisfactorily.

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    Published on: May 8, 2015

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    Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

    Near-Infrared Temperature Measurement Technique for Water Surrounding an Induction-heated Small Magnetic Sphere
    08:52

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    The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography (HRIT) for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants
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    The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography (HRIT) for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants

    Published on: May 8, 2015

    Area of Science:

    • Astronomy and Astrophysics
    • Cryogenic Engineering

    Background:

    • Far-infrared astronomy requires sensitive instruments operating at cryogenic temperatures.
    • Measuring cosmic background radiation is crucial for understanding the early universe.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To test a superfluid helium-cooled far-infrared radiometer in a rocket-borne environment.
    • To evaluate the performance of cryogenic, optical, detection, and electronic systems during flight.

    Main Methods:

    • A far-infrared radiometer cooled to 1.6 K using superfluid helium was launched on a Terrier-Sandhawk rocket.
    • The instrument was designed to operate between 120 km and 350 km altitude.
    • Measurements were planned in three wavelength passbands from 6 mm to 0.1 mm.

    Main Results:

    • A nose cone separation system failure prevented the primary scientific measurements.
    • The radiometer instrument itself demonstrated satisfactory performance throughout the flight.
    • Key design features and operational characteristics were documented.

    Conclusions:

    • Despite the mission anomaly, the radiometer's systems performed well, indicating successful engineering.
    • The flight provided valuable operational data for future far-infrared space missions.
    • Further development is needed to overcome launch system limitations for future observations.