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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
The...
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching01:24

IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching

In IR spectroscopy, signals produced by the X−H bonds (such as C−H, O−H, or N−H) can be observed in the frequency range of  2700–4000 cm–1. The C−H stretching vibration forms sharp bands in the region 2850–3000 cm–1. The presence of the O−H stretching vibration leads to the forming of an absorption band in the frequency range 3650–3200 cm−1. At the same time, N−H stretching can be confirmed by absorption bands in the 3500–3100 cm−1 range. Even though both O−H and N−H bonds vibrate at a similar...

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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope
06:48

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

Published on: December 30, 2025

High resolution far infrared interferometer.

R B Sanderson, H E Scott

    Applied Optics
    |January 23, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new high-resolution Michelson interferometer was developed to study gas optical properties. It achieved 0.05 cm(-1) resolution, enabling detailed molecular analysis and gas mixture studies.

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    Area of Science:

    • Spectroscopy
    • Physical Chemistry
    • Instrumental Analysis

    Background:

    • High-resolution spectroscopy is crucial for understanding molecular properties.
    • Existing interferometers may lack the necessary resolution for certain gas analyses.
    • The 20-220 cm(-1) spectral region offers insights into fundamental molecular vibrations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and construct a high-resolution interferometer for gas optical property studies.
    • To evaluate the instrument's performance in both symmetric and asymmetric operational modes.
    • To demonstrate applications in molecular spectroscopy and gas mixture analysis.

    Main Methods:

    • A Michelson interferometer configuration was employed.
    • The instrument was operated in symmetric and asymmetric modes.
    • Performance was validated using simple molecules (HCl, H2O) in the 20-220 cm(-1) range.

    Main Results:

    • A working resolution of 0.05 cm(-1) was achieved.
    • Isotopic splitting in HCl and doublets in H2O were resolved.
    • The instrument demonstrated capability for line strength and partial pressure measurements.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed high-resolution interferometer effectively studies gas optical properties.
    • The asymmetric mode is valuable for quantitative gas analysis.
    • The instrument provides a powerful tool for molecular spectroscopy.