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Related Concept Videos

Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...

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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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On mean coordination and structural heterogeneity in model amorphous solids.

Alessio Zaccone1, Emanuela Del Gado

  • 1Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. alessio.zaccone@chem.ethz.ch

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|January 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a model to calculate the average coordination number in disordered solids. This model accurately predicts jamming points and helps quantify structural heterogeneity in glasses.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Understanding the structure-property relationships in disordered solids is crucial.
  • The average coordination number is a key parameter reflecting the connectivity of particles in a solid.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an analytical model for evaluating the average coordination number in disordered solids.
  • To use this model as a reference for assessing structural heterogeneity in glasses.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical evaluation of average coordination for homogeneous hard-sphere systems.
  • Numerical simulations of Lennard-Jones glasses with varying attraction ranges.

Main Results:

  • The model analytically predicts the average number of contacts (z) as a function of volume fraction (phi).
  • It recovers the critical jamming point of hard spheres (z=6 at phi=0.64).
  • Simulations show attraction-induced aggregation leads to higher coordination numbers than predicted for homogeneous systems.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed analytical model provides a quantitative reference for structural heterogeneity in glasses.
  • The mean number of contacts serves as an accessible parameter to assess deviations from homogeneity.