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Related Concept Videos

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview01:12

Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview

The 1D NMR spectrum of large and complex molecules like natural products has complicated splitting patterns and overlapping signals, which can be easily interpreted using 2-dimensional (2D) NMR. Unlike 1D NMR, 2D NMR has two frequency axes that provide the coupling information between the nucleus A and nucleus B in a molecule. The process from which 2D spectra are obtained has four steps.
The first step is the preparation period, during which nucleus A is excited with a radiofrequency pulse.
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

In Situ Monitoring of Diffusion of Guest Molecules in Porous Media Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging
06:34

In Situ Monitoring of Diffusion of Guest Molecules in Porous Media Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: September 2, 2016

Detecting diffusion-diffraction patterns in size distribution phantoms using double-pulsed field gradient NMR: Theory

Noam Shemesh1, Evren Ozarslan, Peter J Basser

  • 1School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69778, Israel.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|January 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Double-pulsed field gradient (d-PFG) NMR overcomes limitations of single-pulsed field gradient (s-PFG) NMR in studying porous media with varying pore sizes. D-PFG preserves microstructural information from diffusion-diffraction patterns, unlike s-PFG, which loses this data.

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

In Situ Monitoring of Diffusion of Guest Molecules in Porous Media Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging
06:34

In Situ Monitoring of Diffusion of Guest Molecules in Porous Media Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: September 2, 2016

Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement for Detecting and Characterizing Self-Associations of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
07:24

Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement for Detecting and Characterizing Self-Associations of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

Published on: September 23, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is crucial for characterizing porous media.
  • Restricted diffusion in pores provides microstructural insights.
  • Single-pulsed field gradient (s-PFG) NMR is a key technique, but struggles with polydisperse samples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically and experimentally compare s-PFG and double-pulsed field gradient (d-PFG) NMR for analyzing porous media with size distributions.
  • To investigate the robustness of diffusion-diffraction patterns in s-PFG and d-PFG under varying pore size distributions.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical comparison of signal decay in s-PFG and d-PFG using a general NMR diffusion framework.
  • Modeling diffusion in cylindrical pores with lognormal size distributions.
  • Experimental validation using well-defined phantoms with controlled size distributions.

Main Results:

  • Diffusion-diffraction patterns in s-PFG diminish with increasing size distribution.
  • Zero-crossings in d-PFG signals remain robust even with large standard deviations in pore size.
  • Experimental results confirm the loss of information in s-PFG and the persistence of crucial data in d-PFG.

Conclusions:

  • Double-pulsed field gradient (d-PFG) NMR is a more reliable method for extracting microstructural information from samples with pore size distributions.
  • D-PFG's robustness offers a significant advantage over s-PFG for complex porous materials.
  • This study demonstrates the potential of d-PFG for advanced materials characterization.