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Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
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Esophageal Achalasia01:27

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Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...
Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction01:22

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Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
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Plunging ranula: congenital or acquired?

Randall P Morton1, Zahoor Ahmad, Prabha Jain

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Manukau DHB, Manukau City, New Zealand. RPMorton@middlemore.co.nz

Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
|January 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study suggests a genetic basis for plunging ranula, a rare condition involving salivary gland mucus. Findings indicate a higher prevalence in specific ethnic groups, supporting a hereditary component.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Genetics
  • Oral Surgery

Background:

  • Plunging ranula is a rare condition characterized by mucus extravasation from the sublingual gland.
  • The etiology of plunging ranula is not fully understood, but anatomical anomalies may play a role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinical experience with plunging ranula.
  • To examine evidence supporting a genetic basis for plunging ranula.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series of 80 consecutive plunging ranulas in 77 patients.
  • Review of clinical and radiological findings, surgical treatment, and outcomes.
  • Literature review using MEDLINE and OLD MEDLINE.

Main Results:

  • Most plunging ranulas lacked intraoral components but showed sublingual gland mucus extravasation.
  • Four patients had bilateral plunging ranula; one had affected siblings.
  • Significant overrepresentation of Maoris, Polynesians, and Chinese ethnic groups was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Clinical findings and literature data support a genetic basis for plunging ranula.
  • Anatomical anomalies, such as mylohyoid muscle dehiscence and ectopic sublingual glands, may contribute.
  • Plunging ranula may be a distinct clinical entity with a hereditary component.