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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Eye Irritation Test (EIT) for Hazard Identification of Eye Irritating Chemicals using Reconstructed Human Cornea-like Epithelial (RhCE) Tissue Model

Eye Irritation Test (EIT) for Hazard Identification of Eye Irritating Chemicals using Reconstructed Human Cornea-like Epithelial (RhCE) Tissue Model

Published on: August 23, 2015

Validating and troubleshooting ocular in vitro toxicology tests.

Frank A Barile¹

¹Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toxicology Division, St. John's University, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Queens, New York 11439, USA. barilef@stjohns.edu

Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods

|January 26, 2010

Summary

In vitro organotypic models offer promising alternatives to animal testing for ocular irritants. These methods quantitatively assess corneal opacity and permeability to predict in vivo irritation potential.

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Published on: July 22, 2021

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Toxicology
In Vitro Testing

Background:

In vitro organotypic models are gaining traction as replacements for in vivo ocular testing.
These models aim to preserve short-term physiological and biochemical functions of the mammalian cornea in an isolated system.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and discuss various in vitro organotypic models for ocular irritancy and corrosion assessment.
To highlight methodologies, protocol details, applications, and validation status of these models.
To emphasize improvements and troubleshooting for standalone in vitro ocular toxicity assessment.

Main Methods:

Quantitative measurements of corneal opacity (opacitometry) and permeability (spectrophotometry) to assess damage.
Discussion of specific models: Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) assay, Isolated Chicken Eye (ICE) test, Isolated Rabbit Eye (IRE) assay, and Hen's Egg Test-Chorioallantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) assay.
Review of historical development and current validation status of in vitro ocular testing models.

Main Results:

Several in vitro models, including BCOP, ICE, IRE, and HET-CAM, are presented as viable alternatives for ocular irritancy testing.
These models utilize quantitative measurements to predict in vivo ocular irritation potential.
The need for further refinement to establish these models as standalone tools is indicated.

Conclusions:

In vitro organotypic models provide valuable data for assessing ocular irritation and corrosion.
Continued research and validation are crucial for their widespread adoption as replacements for in vivo testing.
Optimizing current techniques will enhance their utility in ocular toxicity assessment.