Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 16, 2026
09:44
Evaluation of Hepatic Glucose Production in a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mouse Model
Published on: March 5, 2022
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
D Dewailly1, S Hieronimus, P Mirakian
1Service de gynécologie endocrinienne et de médecine de la reproduction, hôpital Jeanne-de-Flandre, Lille, France. didier.dewailly@chru-lille.fr
Annales D'Endocrinologie
|January 26, 2010
Summary
The Rotterdam classification is recommended for diagnosing Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), requiring menstrual irregularities, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. Hirsutism diagnosis should avoid the Ferriman-Gallway score, and metabolic screening is essential for obese patients.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Endocrinology
- Gynecology
- Metabolic Health
Background:
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) diagnosis relies on specific criteria.
- Accurate diagnostic methods are crucial for effective management.
- Previous diagnostic approaches may require refinement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline updated guidelines for PCOS diagnosis.
- To specify criteria for hirsutism assessment.
- To recommend screening protocols for associated metabolic abnormalities.
Main Methods:
- Adherence to the Rotterdam classification for PCOS diagnosis.
- Exclusion of the Ferriman-Gallway score for hirsutism.
- Inclusion of precise ultrasound criteria for polycystic ovaries.
- Systematic screening for metabolic abnormalities based on anthropometric and laboratory parameters.
Main Results:
- The Rotterdam classification requires menstrual anomalies, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries (or two of three criteria after excluding other diagnoses).
- Ultrasound criteria for PCOS include ≥12 follicles (2-9 mm) per ovary and/or ovarian volume >10 ml.
- Screening for elevated LH and GnRH is no longer necessary; metabolic screening is systematic.
- Oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) is recommended for obese patients (BMI >30 kg/m²) with normal fasting glucose.
Conclusions:
- The Rotterdam classification provides a robust framework for PCOS diagnosis.
- Updated guidelines emphasize specific diagnostic criteria and systematic metabolic screening.
- Clomiphene citrate remains the first-line ovulation induction therapy, with lifestyle modifications recommended for obese patients prior to treatment.
Related Concept Videos
02:07Oogenesis
In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
01:22Oogenesis
Oogenesis, the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
Each primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of pre-granulosa cells, forming what is known...
Each primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of pre-granulosa cells, forming what is known...
01:30Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle
The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle. At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle. At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
01:27Ovarian Cycle
The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...
01:24Disorders of the Female Reproductive System
The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
01:26Type II Diabetes I: Introduction
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...