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Related Concept Videos

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides01:16

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides

Naming Acid Halides
The IUPAC and common names of acid halides are derived from the corresponding carboxylic acids, by changing “ic acid” to “yl halide.” For example, as shown below, the IUPAC name ethanoyl chloride is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetyl chloride, is obtained from acetic acid.
Nomenclature of Primary Amines01:17

Nomenclature of Primary Amines

Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are compounds consisting of one, two, and three alkyl groups connected to the amino group (–NH2), respectively. As depicted in Figure 1, the common name of the primary amines is obtained by adding the suffix -amine to the alkyl substituent attached to the amino group as the corresponding alkylamine.
Nomenclature of Secondary and Tertiary Amines01:12

Nomenclature of Secondary and Tertiary Amines

The secondary and tertiary amines are derivatives of ammonia, where two and three of its hydrogens are replaced by alkyl groups, respectively. Secondary and tertiary amines can be symmetrical with identical alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom or unsymmetrical when more than one type of alkyl group is present. The standard nomenclature of secondary and tertiary amines is similar to the names given to the primary amines. They are generally named alkylamines. As depicted in Figure 1, for...
Drug Nomenclature01:17

Drug Nomenclature

During the development of a new pharmaceutical, the manufacturer initially assigns a code name to the drug. Once approved, the drug receives a United States Adopted Name (USAN)—a generic, nonproprietary designation. Upon being listed in the United States Pharmacopeia, this nonproprietary name becomes the drug's official name. Additionally, the manufacturer assigns a proprietary name or trademark, which serves as the brand name under which the drug is marketed. It is worth noting that the same...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles01:11

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

Naming Amides
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.

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Setup and Execution of the Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice Death Notification Curriculum
04:36

Setup and Execution of the Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice Death Notification Curriculum

Published on: August 5, 2020

A proposal for a nomenclature for suicide.

David Lester1

  • 1Psychology Program, The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey, Jimmie Leeds Road, Pomona, NJ 08240-0195, USA. lesterd@stockton.edu

Psychological Reports
|January 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study proposes a novel classification system for completed suicide, drawing parallels with established legal distinctions for homicide offenses like murder and manslaughter. This framework aims to enhance the nuanced understanding and categorization of suicide incidents.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Psychology
  • Criminology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Existing suicide classification systems lack standardized criteria.
  • Understanding the nuances of suicide is critical for prevention and intervention strategies.
  • Legal frameworks for homicide offer a precedent for categorizing intentional acts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel classification scheme for completed suicide.
  • To adapt existing legal classifications of homicide (murder and manslaughter) for suicide.
  • To provide a more structured approach to understanding suicide motivations and circumstances.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of legal definitions of homicide.
  • Application of murder degrees (first, second, third) and manslaughter types (voluntary, involuntary) to suicide scenarios.
  • Development of a parallel classification framework for suicide.

Main Results:

  • A proposed classification system categorizing suicide based on intent and circumstances, analogous to homicide.
  • Potential for differentiating suicides based on premeditation, provocation, and negligence.
  • Identification of distinct categories within completed suicides mirroring legal distinctions.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed homicide-based classification offers a new paradigm for suicide research.
  • This framework may aid in forensic investigations and the development of targeted suicide prevention efforts.
  • Further research is needed to validate and refine this classification system in practice.