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Updated: Jun 16, 2026
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Multiplex Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Spatial Immune Cell Landscape of the Tumor Microenvironment
Published on: August 18, 2023
Immunostaining in Mohs micrographic surgery: a review.
Abdel Kader El Tal1, Ayad E Abrou, Mark A Stiff
1Dermatology Department, Wayne State University, Dearborn, Michigan, USA.
Summary
Immunohistochemical staining techniques enhance Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) for high-risk skin cancers. These methods offer advantages over traditional staining for diagnosing tumors like melanoma.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Surgical Pathology
- Oncology
Background:
- Immunoperoxidase staining integration expands Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) applications.
- High-risk tumors like lentigo maligna, melanoma, and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans are now candidates for MMS.
- Frozen tissue processing benefits from advanced staining techniques.
Purpose of the Study:
- Review English literature on immunohistochemical staining in MMS.
- Summarize outcomes of using frozen section immunostaining during MMS.
- Evaluate the efficacy of various staining techniques in MMS.
Main Methods:
- Conducted a Medline search using keywords: "Mohs surgery," "staining," "immunostaining," and "immunoperoxidase."
- Analyzed studies comparing immunohistochemical stains with traditional hematoxylin and eosin.
- Evaluated specific stains like MART-1, MEL-5, HMB-45, and S100 for melanoma and desmoplastic melanoma.
Main Results:
- Immunostains generally outperform traditional hematoxylin and eosin in MMS.
- MART-1 shows crisp staining with less background than MEL-5 for melanoma.
- S100 is the preferred stain for desmoplastic melanomas.
Conclusions:
- Immunostaining provides significant advantages in Mohs micrographic surgery.
- Further large, randomized, prospective studies comparing immunostains are needed.
- No commercial conflicts of interest were reported by the authors.
