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A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood
Published on: April 28, 2016
Actions of prolonged ghrelin infusion on gastrointestinal transit and glucose homeostasis in humans
Y Falkén1, P M Hellström, G J Sanger
1Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, SE-182 88 Stockholm, Sweden. ylva.falken@ds.se
Background:
Ghrelin is produced by enteroendocrine cells in the gastric mucosa and stimulates gastric emptying in healthy volunteers and patients with gastroparesis in short-term studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of intravenous ghrelin on gastrointestinal motility and glucose homeostasis during a 6-h infusion in humans.
Methods:
Ghrelin (15 pmol kg(-1) min(-1)) or saline was infused intravenously for 360 min after intake of radio-opaque markers, acetaminophen, and lactulose after a standardized breakfast in 12 male volunteers. Gastric emptying, orocecal transit, colonic transit, postprandial plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and peptide YY were assessed. In vitro studies of gastrointestinal muscle contractility were performed.
Key Results:
The gastric emptying rate was faster for ghrelin compared to saline (P = 0.002) with a shorter half-emptying time (50.3 +/- 3.9 vs 59.9 +/- 4.4 min, P = 0.004). There was no effect of ghrelin on orocecal or colonic transit. Postprandial elevations of plasma glucose, insulin, and GLP-1 occurred 15 min earlier and were higher with ghrelin. The insulinogenic index did not change during ghrelin infusion. Basal in vitro contractility was unaffected by ghrelin.
Conclusions & Inferences:
The effect of a 6-h ghrelin infusion on gastrointestinal motility is limited to the stomach without affecting orocecal or colonic transit. Plasma glucose, insulin, and GLP-1 are elevated postprandially, probably as a result of the hastened gastric emptying. Changes in glucose homeostasis as a consequence of stimulated gastric emptying and hormone release, need to be taken into account in the use of pharmacological stimulants for the treatment of motility disorders.
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