Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
Drug Concentration Versus Time Correlation01:15

Drug Concentration Versus Time Correlation

The plasma drug concentration-time curve is a crucial tool in pharmacokinetics, representing the drug's concentration in plasma at different time intervals post-administration. This curve illustrates the drug's journey from absorption into the systemic circulation, distribution to body tissues, and eventual elimination through excretion or biotransformation.
Two pivotal parameters are the minimum effective concentration (MEC) and the minimum toxic concentration (MTC). The MEC is the lowest drug...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effects of the Fit2Thrive technology-supported physical activity promotion intervention components on sedentary behavior and light physical activity in breast cancer survivors.

Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice·2026
Same author

Behavior change intervention targeting physical activity and diet improves stress and sleep.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Bridging the divide in digital therapeutics (DTx): Partnership strategies for broader representation across DTx development and deployment.

PLOS digital health·2026
Same author

A latent class location-scale regression model with an application to calorie intake data.

Journal of behavioral medicine·2026
Same author

A Bayesian Two-Step Multiple Imputation Approach Based on Mixed Models for Missing EMA Data.

Statistics in medicine·2025
Same author

Toward Health Equity: A Workshop Report on the State of the Science of Obesity Interventions for Adults.

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)·2025
Same journal

Reconsidering the Term "Smoker" in Clinical Settings - A survey of doctors in clinical practice.

Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·2026
Same journal

Where are cigarettes cheaper? Area-level and store-type differences in price in US cities.

Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·2026
Same journal

"As for stigma? … I don't think I'd be going to my next-door neighbor saying 'I'm going for lung cancer screening'": a qualitative study of the potential impacts of stigma during lung cancer screening in Australia.

Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·2026
Same journal

Rural E-Cigarette Use Higher than Urban Across Age Groups.

Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·2026
Same journal

Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on Nicotine Use Disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·2026
Same journal

Sex-specific associations between tobacco use and youth mental health: prospective and cross-sectional findings from the LoRDIA Program.

Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Integrating Computerized Linguistic and Social Network Analyses to Capture Addiction Recovery Capital in an Online Community
08:53

Integrating Computerized Linguistic and Social Network Analyses to Capture Addiction Recovery Capital in an Online Community

Published on: May 31, 2019

A comment on analyzing addictive behaviors over time.

Kristin L Schneider1, Donald Hedeker, Katherine C Bailey

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. kristin.schneider@umassmed.edu

Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
|January 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Generalized estimating equations (GEE) can yield biased results when data is missing not at random (MNAR). Alternative methods like weighted GEE or mixed-effects logistic regression are more appropriate in such cases for accurate treatment efficacy conclusions.

More Related Videos

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats
06:11

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

Published on: February 20, 2019

Comprehensive Analysis of Transcription Dynamics from Brain Samples Following Behavioral Experience
08:14

Comprehensive Analysis of Transcription Dynamics from Brain Samples Following Behavioral Experience

Published on: August 26, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Integrating Computerized Linguistic and Social Network Analyses to Capture Addiction Recovery Capital in an Online Community
08:53

Integrating Computerized Linguistic and Social Network Analyses to Capture Addiction Recovery Capital in an Online Community

Published on: May 31, 2019

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats
06:11

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

Published on: February 20, 2019

Comprehensive Analysis of Transcription Dynamics from Brain Samples Following Behavioral Experience
08:14

Comprehensive Analysis of Transcription Dynamics from Brain Samples Following Behavioral Experience

Published on: August 26, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Biostatistics
  • Clinical Trials
  • Data Analysis

Background:

  • Missing data can lead to biased estimates and incorrect conclusions regarding treatment efficacy.
  • Ordinary use of generalized estimating equations (GEE) may be problematic if the missing completely at random (MCAR) assumption is violated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the potential issues with GEE when the MCAR assumption is not met.
  • To compare GEE results with alternative methods under MCAR violations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from a randomized controlled trial on weight management and smoking cessation in adult female smokers (n=284).
  • Assessed smoking status via self-report and expired carbon monoxide.
  • Compared results from GEE with analyses not requiring the MCAR assumption.

Main Results:

  • GEE analysis indicated differences in smoking status between conditions.
  • Tests confirmed the MCAR assumption was not valid for the dataset.
  • Alternative analyses, not requiring MCAR, found no significant differences between conditions.

Conclusions:

  • GEE is suitable for dichotomous data when MCAR holds.
  • Weighted GEE or mixed-effects logistic regression are recommended when data is missing not at random (MNAR).
  • Choosing appropriate statistical methods is crucial for valid analysis of clinical trial data with missing values.