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Related Concept Videos

Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...
Lobes of the Cerebrum01:22

Lobes of the Cerebrum

The cerebral cortex, a critical structure of the brain, is intricately divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four distinct lobes: occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal. These lobes function cooperatively to regulate various cognitive and sensory functions, forming the basis of our complex neural capabilities.
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are the command center of our brain, controlling personality, intelligence, and voluntary muscle movements.

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Localizing Function-specific Targets for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Absence of Navigation Equipment
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Searching for a salient target involves frontal regions.

Claire Wardak1, Wim Vanduffel, Guy A Orban

  • 1Laboratorium voor Neuro- en Psychofysiologie, KU Leuven Medical School, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|January 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Efficient visual search, particularly "pop-out" effects, involves frontal brain regions, not just visual areas. Ventral prefrontal area 45 plays a key role in top-down control during this process.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Visual search in complex scenes relies on selection mechanisms.
  • Efficient search is often linked to bottom-up processing, while inefficient search involves top-down control.
  • The precise neural networks underlying efficient visual search require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional network involved in efficient visual search using neuroimaging in behaving monkeys.
  • To differentiate feature selection mechanisms from spatial attention allocation during visual search.
  • To identify specific brain regions engaged during a pop-out search task.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed in behaving monkeys.
  • Monkeys performed a visual search task requiring covert target detection among distractors.
  • Three control tasks were designed to isolate attentional allocation effects.

Main Results:

  • Efficient visual search activated three frontal regions: frontal eye field, area 45, and posterior area 46.
  • Additional activations were observed in the lateral intraparietal area and inferotemporal area TE.
  • Ventral prefrontal area 45 showed significant involvement in top-down control during efficient search.

Conclusions:

  • Efficient visual search engages both frontal and visual brain regions.
  • Ventral prefrontal area 45 is critically involved in mediating top-down control during efficient visual search.
  • These findings advance our understanding of the neural basis of visual selection and attention.