Resistance training and executive functions: a 12-month randomized controlled trial.

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Neuroscience
• Exercise Science

Background:

• Cognitive decline is a major health concern for seniors.
• Exercise interventions show promise in mitigating cognitive decline.
• This study investigates resistance training's impact on executive functions in older women.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the effects of once-weekly and twice-weekly resistance training with a control group on executive cognitive functions in senior women.
• To assess the impact of different exercise frequencies on selective attention, conflict resolution, set shifting, and working memory.

Main Methods:

• A single-blinded randomized trial involving 155 women aged 65-75.
• Participants were allocated to once-weekly resistance training, twice-weekly resistance training, or twice-weekly balance and tone training (control).
• Primary outcome: Stroop test; Secondary outcomes: Trail Making Tests, digit span tests, gait speed, muscular function, and whole-brain volume.

Main Results:

• Both resistance training groups showed significant improvements in Stroop test performance compared to the control group.
• Resistance training enhanced selective attention and conflict resolution, correlating with increased gait speed.
• Reductions in whole-brain volume were observed in resistance training groups versus the control group.

Conclusions:

• Once-weekly or twice-weekly resistance training for 12 months positively impacts executive cognitive function in senior women.
• Resistance exercise is a viable strategy to support cognitive health in aging populations.
• The findings highlight the efficacy of resistance training for improving specific cognitive abilities related to attention and conflict resolution.