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Related Concept Videos

The Mammary Glands01:12

The Mammary Glands

The female breast is a hemispheric projection of variable size positioned anterior to the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles. A fascia layer composed of dense, irregular connective tissue connects it to these muscles.
Each breast features a pigmented projection known as the nipple, through which milk emerges via closely spaced openings of ducts, referred to as lactiferous ducts. Surrounding the nipple is a circular pigmented area of skin named the areola, which appears rough due to...

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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction
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Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction

Published on: May 17, 2024

Nipple-sparing mastectomy.

J E Rusby1, B L Smith, G P H Gui

  • 1Academic Surgery, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

The British Journal of Surgery
|January 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nipple-sparing mastectomy is a viable option for risk-reducing breast cancer surgery. It can be considered for select therapeutic cases, but patients must be informed about potential risks like nipple necrosis and recurrence.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Plastic Surgery
  • Breast Surgery

Background:

  • Effective local control and aesthetic outcomes are key goals in breast cancer surgery.
  • Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is a technique aiming to improve aesthetics, but its application lacks consensus.
  • Evidence on oncological safety, surgical techniques, and aesthetic outcomes of NSM was reviewed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the oncological safety and aesthetic outcomes of nipple-sparing mastectomy.
  • To evaluate the clinical application and evidence supporting NSM in breast cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • A PubMed search was conducted using terms 'nipple-sparing' or 'subcutaneous mastectomy' and 'breast cancer'.
  • Literature review focused on oncological safety, surgical techniques, and aesthetic results.

Main Results:

  • Occult nipple involvement rates vary (5.6-31%) in pathological studies.
  • Recent clinical series with careful selection show local recurrence <5% and retained nipple cancer <1%.
  • Nipple necrosis rates range up to 8% (total) and 16% (partial); outcomes depend on surgical technique and reconstruction.

Conclusions:

  • Nipple-sparing mastectomy is acceptable for risk-reducing mastectomy.
  • Therapeutic NSM may be suitable for select patients with small, peripherally located tumors and favorable pathology.
  • Counseling on risks, including nipple necrosis and local recurrence, is essential for patients considering NSM.