A case of anaphylaxis: horse-fly or hymenoptera sting?

O Quercia1, F Emiliani, F G Foschi

  • 1Allergology High Speciality Unit, General Medicine, Faenza Hospital, AUSL Ravenna, Italy.

Insights

Horsefly (Tabanus bovinus) bites can trigger severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, in individuals sensitized to Hymenoptera venom. This case highlights the potential for misidentification and emphasizes the need for accurate insect allergy diagnosis.

Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Toxicology
  • Entomology

Background:

  • Individuals with Hymenoptera venom allergy are at risk for systemic reactions to other insect bites.
  • Misidentification of biting insects can complicate diagnosis and treatment of allergic reactions.

Observation:

  • A 51-year-old man with Hymenoptera venom allergy experienced anaphylaxis after being stung by an insect resembling a wasp.
  • The insect was later identified as a horsefly, Tabanus bovinus, not a Vespula species.

Findings:

  • The patient's severe systemic reaction, including loss of consciousness, was successfully treated with standard anaphylaxis protocols.
  • Skin prick tests and RAST confirmed allergy to Tabanus bovinus, indicating cross-reactivity or shared allergens with Hymenoptera.

Implications:

  • Tabanus bovinus bites should be considered a potential cause of systemic allergic reactions and anaphylaxis in susceptible individuals.
  • Accurate insect identification is crucial for diagnosing and managing insect sting allergies.
  • Further research into shared allergens between Hymenoptera and Diptera (horseflies) is warranted.

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