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A case of anaphylaxis: horse-fly or hymenoptera sting?
O Quercia1, F Emiliani, F G Foschi
1Allergology High Speciality Unit, General Medicine, Faenza Hospital, AUSL Ravenna, Italy.
Abstract:
In literature it has been described a high risk of systemic reaction after blood-sucking Dyptera bites, like mosquitoes and horsefly, in people sensitive to hymenoptera. A 51 year old man, allergic to hymenoptera venom and with a history of i.v. reaction after Mueller, who has been treated with Vespula sp. ITS for the last 3 years, was stung by a yellow, black and green insect on the neck. Five minutes after the bite, he suffered generalized hitching and urticaria, oral cavity and lower limbs paresthesia, followed by lost of consciousness. At the Emergency Room he was successfully treated with adrenaline, intravenous antihistamines and corticosteroid. The description of the insect as well as the lack of the sting on the site suggested a wasp as the culprit. By studying one of these insect that has been captured by the patient, it turned out it wasn't a Vespula, but a horsefly, the Tabanus bovinus, which resembles Hymenoptera. Skin prick test and RAST for Tabanus confirmed the allergology diagnosis. In conclusion, also Tabanus bovines can cause systemic reaction up to anaphylactic shock.
Insights
Horsefly (Tabanus bovinus) bites can trigger severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, in individuals sensitized to Hymenoptera venom. This case highlights the potential for misidentification and emphasizes the need for accurate insect allergy diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Allergy and Immunology
- Toxicology
- Entomology
Background:
- Individuals with Hymenoptera venom allergy are at risk for systemic reactions to other insect bites.
- Misidentification of biting insects can complicate diagnosis and treatment of allergic reactions.
Observation:
- A 51-year-old man with Hymenoptera venom allergy experienced anaphylaxis after being stung by an insect resembling a wasp.
- The insect was later identified as a horsefly, Tabanus bovinus, not a Vespula species.
Findings:
- The patient's severe systemic reaction, including loss of consciousness, was successfully treated with standard anaphylaxis protocols.
- Skin prick tests and RAST confirmed allergy to Tabanus bovinus, indicating cross-reactivity or shared allergens with Hymenoptera.
Implications:
- Tabanus bovinus bites should be considered a potential cause of systemic allergic reactions and anaphylaxis in susceptible individuals.
- Accurate insect identification is crucial for diagnosing and managing insect sting allergies.
- Further research into shared allergens between Hymenoptera and Diptera (horseflies) is warranted.
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