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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing

Published on: December 11, 2017

A 15-year experience with permanent pacemaker and defibrillator lead and patch extractions.

Alexander Rusanov¹, Henry M Spotnitz

¹Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA.

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery

|January 28, 2010

Summary

Extraction of infected pacemaker and internal cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) leads is crucial. Percutaneous lead extraction offers a safer and more comfortable alternative to open extraction, with lower complication rates.

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing

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Published on: February 28, 2012

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Cardiac Electrophysiology
Interventional Cardiology

Background:

Extraction of infected or hazardous pacemaker and internal cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) leads is a well-established procedure.
Recent comprehensive reviews encompassing all lead types and patches are lacking.
This review details experience with both open and percutaneous extraction techniques for all lead types and indications.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the experience with lead and patch extraction procedures.
To evaluate the outcomes and complications associated with different extraction techniques.

Main Methods:

A retrospective chart review of adult and pediatric patients undergoing permanent pacemaker and ICD lead/patch extraction by a single operator from 1993 to 2008.
Data collection included lead dwell time, indications for extraction, extraction technique, completeness of removal, and complications.

Main Results:

145 leads and 7 patches were extracted from 79 patients, with an average dwell time of 56.2 months.
Infection (73.4%) and risk of lead fracture (20.3%) were the primary indications for extraction.
Percutaneous extraction (84.2%) resulted in a significantly lower major complication rate (1.5%) compared to open extraction (16.7%).

Conclusions:

Complete removal of infected or fractured pacemaker and ICD hardware is essential for successful treatment.
Percutaneous lead extraction is safer and more comfortable than open extraction.
Epicardial extraction techniques remain vital for specific patient cases where percutaneous methods are not feasible.