Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 16, 2026
A Rehabilitation Program of Exoskeleton-assisted Body Weight-Supported Treadmill Training with Non-immersive Virtual Reality for Stroke Patients
Published on: May 16, 2025
Virtual reality-enhanced partial body weight-supported treadmill training poststroke: feasibility and effectiveness
Martha L Walker1, Stacie I Ringleb, George C Maihafer
1School of Physical Therapy, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA. mlwalker@odu.edu
Unlabelled:
Walker ML, Ringleb SI, Maihafer GC, Walker R, Crouch JR, Van Lunen B, Morrison S. Virtual reality-enhanced partial body weight-supported treadmill training poststroke: feasibility and effectiveness in 6 subjects.
Objective:
To determine whether the use of a low-cost virtual reality (VR) system used in conjunction with partial body weight-supported treadmill training (BWSTT) was feasible and effective in improving the walking and balance abilities of patients poststroke.
Design:
A before-after comparison of a single group with BWSTT intervention.
Setting:
University research laboratory.
Participants:
A convenience sample of 7 adults who were within 1 year poststroke and who had completed traditional rehabilitation but still exhibited gait deficits. Six participants completed the study.
Intervention:
Twelve treatment sessions of BWSTT with VR. The VR system generated a virtual environment that showed on a television screen in front of the treadmill to give participants the sensation of walking down a city street. A head-mounted position sensor provided postural feedback.
Main Outcome Measures:
Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) score, Berg Balance Scale (BBS) score, and overground walking speed.
Results:
One subject dropped out of the study. All other participants made significant improvements in their ability to walk. FGA scores increased from mean of 13.8 to 18. BBS scores increased from mean of 43.8 to 48.8, although a ceiling effect was seen for this test. Overground walking speed increased from mean of .49m/s to .68m/s.
Conclusions:
A low-cost VR system combined with BWSTT is feasible for improved gait and balance of patients poststroke.
