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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early years,...
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Inducing Post-Traumatic Epilepsy in a Mouse Model of Repetitive Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury
07:07

Inducing Post-Traumatic Epilepsy in a Mouse Model of Repetitive Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: February 10, 2020

Posttraumatic epilepsy and treatment.

James W Y Chen1, Robert L Ruff, Roland Eavey

  • 1West Los Angeles VA Healthcare Center, Neurology (MC 127), 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA. jwychen@ucla.edu

Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development
|January 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a significant complication following traumatic brain injury (TBI), with varying risks based on injury type. Early diagnosis and optimal seizure control are crucial for veterans

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Use of a Wireless Video-EEG System to Monitor Epileptiform Discharges Following Lateral Fluid-Percussion Induced Traumatic Brain Injury
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Use of a Wireless Video-EEG System to Monitor Epileptiform Discharges Following Lateral Fluid-Percussion Induced Traumatic Brain Injury
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Using a Bipolar Electrode to Create a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Mouse Model by Electrical Kindling of the Amygdala
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Using a Bipolar Electrode to Create a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Mouse Model by Electrical Kindling of the Amygdala

Published on: June 29, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Military Medicine

Background:

  • Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a significant long-term consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  • The development of PTE typically occurs within five years post-injury, with risk varying by TBI type.
  • Combat-related TBI, particularly penetrating injuries, carries a substantial risk of PTE development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the risk of PTE in Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom veterans with minimal TBI due to blast exposure.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges of partial seizures mimicking PTSD symptoms.
  • To emphasize the impact of uncontrolled epilepsy on veterans' quality of life and societal reintegration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on PTE risk factors in various TBI cohorts.
  • Analysis of seizure manifestations and their overlap with PTSD symptoms.
  • Examination of the consequences of uncontrolled epilepsy, including accidents, sudden unexpected death, and social/vocational challenges.

Main Results:

  • Penetrating TBI in Korean and Vietnam War veterans showed a 53% risk of PTE.
  • Combat-associated closed-head trauma with positive imaging had a 10-25% PTE risk; moderate-severe closed-head injury without imaging had a 5% risk.
  • The specific risk of PTE in OIF/OEF veterans with minimal TBI from blast exposure remains undetermined.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding PTE risk across different TBI types is critical for veteran healthcare.
  • Subtle seizure symptoms can be misdiagnosed, necessitating improved diagnostic awareness.
  • Effective seizure management is vital for improving veterans' physical health, emotional well-being, and reintegration into society.