Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Lessons Learned from the Feasibility Phase of the REvascularization CHoices Among Under-Represented Groups Evaluation (RECHARGE) Trial Program.

American heart journal·2026
Same author

Device-anatomy interactions in the dural venous sinuses: angioscopic insights from a perfused human cadaveric model.

Journal of neurointerventional surgery·2026
Same author

A 5-year retrospective review of post-Mohs reconstruction outcomes for periocular cutaneous malignancies at an academic medical center.

Frontiers in ophthalmology·2026
Same author

Angioscopic study of the major dural venous sinuses in human cadavers.

Journal of neurointerventional surgery·2026
Same author

Towards a Deeper Understanding of Cerebrospinal Fluid Transport in the Optic Nerve Subarachnoid Space: A Computational Approach.

Annals of biomedical engineering·2026
Same author

The Rising Inpatient Burden of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Insights From the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2018-2022).

Cureus·2026
Same journal

Clinical feasibility of hyperspectral imaging for evaluation of anterior segment disorders.

The ocular surface·2026
Same journal

A post-HSCT ocular surface "Window of Opportunity for Pre-emptive ocular treatment" (WinOP) shows early inflammatory activation and an oGVHD-like molecular subset.

The ocular surface·2026
Same journal

Pipeline: Eugene Garfield, Ph.D. and Bibliometrics.

The ocular surface·2026
Same journal

The ocular surface consequences of lacrimal gland loss are life-stage dependent.

The ocular surface·2026
Same journal

Evaluating synthetic anterior segment images for transferable eye disease recognition.

The ocular surface·2026
Same journal

Beyond diagnosis: AI-based surgical risk assessment in Acanthamoeba keratitis with real-world validation.

The ocular surface·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions
05:41

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions

Published on: February 9, 2024

Ocular surface effects of thyroid disease.

Jason A Sokol1, Gary N Foulks, Ali Haider

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA. jsokolmd@gmail.com

The Ocular Surface
|January 29, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ophthalmic Graves

More Related Videos

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy
05:12

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

Published on: May 12, 2023

"Sun's Seven-Step Technique" for Endoscopic En-Bloc Resection of Thyroid Cancer via the Chest-Breast Approach
07:45

"Sun's Seven-Step Technique" for Endoscopic En-Bloc Resection of Thyroid Cancer via the Chest-Breast Approach

Published on: November 28, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions
05:41

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions

Published on: February 9, 2024

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy
05:12

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

Published on: May 12, 2023

"Sun's Seven-Step Technique" for Endoscopic En-Bloc Resection of Thyroid Cancer via the Chest-Breast Approach
07:45

"Sun's Seven-Step Technique" for Endoscopic En-Bloc Resection of Thyroid Cancer via the Chest-Breast Approach

Published on: November 28, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Graves' disease commonly affects the eyes, leading to orbital issues.
  • Ocular surface complications are significant but often overlooked.
  • These complications can be bothersome and lead to vision damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the ocular surface manifestations of Graves' disease.
  • To provide recommendations for clinical evaluation and management of these issues.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ophthalmic Graves' disease and ocular surface disease.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on disease manifestations.
  • Formulation of clinical recommendations.

Main Results:

  • Identified key ocular surface problems associated with Graves' disease.
  • Summarized the range of symptoms and signs.
  • Outlined diagnostic approaches and treatment strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Ocular surface disease is a critical component of ophthalmic Graves' disease.
  • Prompt evaluation and targeted management are essential.
  • Addressing ocular surface issues improves patient outcomes.