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Related Concept Videos

Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
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Breast Milk Enhances Growth of Enteroids: An Ex Vivo Model of Cell Proliferation
09:02

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Published on: February 15, 2018

Cytokines in human milk.

Roberto Garofalo1

  • 1University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology and Infectious Disease, Galveston, TX, USA. rpgarofa@utmb.edu

The Journal of Pediatrics
|January 29, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Breastfeeding protects infants from infections and actively shapes their immune system development. Human milk contains complex bioactive factors, including cytokines, that are crucial for infant immunity.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neonatal Development
  • Human Milk Composition

Background:

  • Human milk provides passive protection against infant infections, particularly gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses.
  • Emerging evidence indicates human milk also actively modulates the infant's immunological development.
  • Studying these effects is challenging due to milk's complexity and dynamic nature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of bioactive factors in human milk.
  • To explore the network of cytokines and chemokines in human milk.
  • To investigate their role in supporting neonate immune system development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiologic, clinical, and experimental studies.
  • Identification and characterization of bioactive substances in human milk, including cytokines.
  • Analysis of cytokine networks and their functions.

Main Results:

  • Human milk contains numerous bioactive substances like hormones, growth factors, and cytokines.
  • Cytokines are key signaling molecules that regulate immune system development and function.
  • A growing number of cytokines and chemokines have been identified in human milk.

Conclusions:

  • Human milk actively contributes to the immunological maturation of infants.
  • The complex network of cytokines in milk plays a vital role in this process.
  • These factors may help compensate for the neonate's immature immune system.