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The Nucleosome

The Nucleosome

Human DNA is almost two meters long. However, it is compressed inside a tiny nucleus measuring only a few microns in diameter. To make this degree of compaction possible, DNA is organized into several sequential levels so that it can fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
In a chromosome, DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called a histone octamer core, which consists of 8 histone proteins. This...

The Nucleosome

The Nucleosome

DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...

The Nucleosome

The Nucleosome

DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...

The Nucleosome Core Particle

The Nucleosome Core Particle

Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...

The Nucleosome Core Particle

The Nucleosome Core Particle

Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

In Situ Nucleosome Assembly for Single-Molecule Correlative Force and Fluorescence Microscopy

In Situ Nucleosome Assembly for Single-Molecule Correlative Force and Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: September 6, 2024

FineStr: a web server for single-base-resolution nucleosome positioning.

Idan Gabdank¹, Danny Barash, Edward N Trifonov

¹Department of Computer Science, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel. gabdank@cs.bgu.ac.il

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)

|January 29, 2010

Summary

Researchers mapped nucleosome positioning in Caenorhabditis elegans using DNA bendability. The FineStr web server enables single-base-resolution nucleosome mapping for genomic sequences.

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Probing The Structure And Dynamics Of Nucleosomes Using Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging

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Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA

Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA

Published on: September 10, 2013

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genomics
Bioinformatics

Background:

Eukaryotic DNA is organized into chromatin, primarily composed of nucleosomes.
Nucleosome positioning is critical for cellular processes, including gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To derive the complete nucleosome DNA bendability matrix for Caenorhabditis elegans.
To develop a user-friendly web server for nucleosome mapping.

Main Methods:

Utilized the sequence structure of a 10.4 base DNA repeat.
Employed a nucleosome core DNA sequences database.
Developed the FineStr web server for genomic sequence analysis.

Main Results:

Derived the complete nucleosome DNA bendability matrix for Caenorhabditis elegans.
The FineStr server facilitates single-base-resolution nucleosome mapping.

Conclusions:

Nucleosome positioning is a key factor in gene regulation.
The FineStr server provides a valuable tool for studying nucleosome organization in genomic sequences.