Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Design Example

Design Example

The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...

Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers

Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers

Understanding the working function of different types of controllers can be illustrated with practical analogies, such as adjusting a stereo's volume equalizer. Cranking up the bass involves a phase-lead controller, which functions as a high-pass filter, while increasing the treble uses a phase-lag controller, which acts as a low-pass filter. PD controllers, similar to high-pass filters, enhance the system's response to high-frequency components. PI controllers, akin to low-pass filters, manage...

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any finite,...

Line Protection with Impedance Relays

Line Protection with Impedance Relays

Coordinating time-delay overcurrent relays in complex radial systems and directional overcurrent relays in multi-source transmission loops can be challenging. Impedance relays address these issues by responding to the voltage-to-current ratio, specifically measuring the apparent impedance of a line. These relays become more sensitive during faults as current increases and voltage decreases, thereby reducing the apparent impedance.
Under normal conditions, low load currents keep the measured...

Radial System Protection

Radial System Protection

Radial systems employ time-delay overcurrent relays to reduce load interruptions. When a fault occurs, the nearest breaker opens first, while upstream breakers remain closed due to longer delay settings. This approach ensures minimal disruption to the rest of the system.
In a radial system with a fault downstream of the third breaker, ideally, only the third breaker will open, isolating the fault and interrupting the load connected beyond it. The second breaker has a longer delay setting,...

Feedback control systems

Feedback control systems

Feedback control systems are categorized in various ways based on their design, analysis, and signal types.
Linear feedback systems are theoretical models that simplify analysis and design. These systems operate under the principle that their output is directly proportional to their input within certain ranges. For instance, an amplifier in a control system behaves linearly as long as the input signal remains within a specific range. However, most physical systems exhibit inherent nonlinearity...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

IL1β/IL1R1/IRAK4 Drives Inflammatory Ovarian Cancer Seeding at the inflamed sites and Is Reversed by an IRAK4 inhibitor UR241-2.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Editor's Note: Analysis of Immune Signatures in Longitudinal Tumor Samples Yields Insight into Biomarkers of Response and Mechanisms of Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Blockade.

Cancer discovery·2025

Same author

Synergistic effect of thermoneutral housing and chronotherapeutic PD-1 blockade overcomes melanoma resistance.

Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie·2025

Same author

An ABCB11 variant registry and novel knockin mouse model of PFIC2 based on the clinically relevant ABCB11 E297G variant.

Journal of lipid research·2025

Same author

Vascular Disturbances of the Skin in Critically Ill Patients: Lines, Dots, Patches.

Chest·2024

Same author

The NF-κB-HE4 axis: A novel regulator of HE4 secretion in ovarian cancer.

PloS one·2024

Same journal

Comprehensive Analysis of Auditory Nerve Fiber Responses using Fiber-Specific Modeling.

Journal of neurophysiology·2026

Same journal

HCN channels modulate the medium afterhyperpolarization and adjust the firing gain of fast alpha motoneurons in mice.

Journal of neurophysiology·2026

Same journal

Targeting intracranial electrical stimulation to network regions defined within individuals causes network-level effects.

Journal of neurophysiology·2026

Same journal

When "Noise" Isn't Simply Noise: Deterministic Postural Drive During Noisy Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (nGVS).

Journal of neurophysiology·2026

Same journal

Abrupt Scene Onsets and Gradually Emerging Scene Information Produce Distinct EEG Decoding Dynamics.

Journal of neurophysiology·2026

Same journal

From discovery to translation: charting a course for the <i>Journal of Neurophysiology</i>.

Journal of neurophysiology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Published on: November 12, 2019

The cricket cercal system implements delay-line processing.

Jonas Mulder-Rosi¹, Graham I Cummins, John P Miller

¹Center for Computational Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3505, USA.

Journal of Neurophysiology

|January 29, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Crickets

More Related Videos

A Flexible Platform for Monitoring Cerebellum-Dependent Sensory Associative Learning

A Flexible Platform for Monitoring Cerebellum-Dependent Sensory Associative Learning

Published on: January 19, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Published on: November 12, 2019

A Flexible Platform for Monitoring Cerebellum-Dependent Sensory Associative Learning

A Flexible Platform for Monitoring Cerebellum-Dependent Sensory Associative Learning

Published on: January 19, 2022

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Bioengineering
Sensory Biology

Background:

The cercal sensory system in crickets is a model for neural coding.
Previous research has not explored the functional role of cercus physical dimensions.
Crickets use cerci to detect air currents.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the functional significance of cricket cercus physical dimensions.
To understand how cercus structure influences neural processing of air currents.

Main Methods:

Examined filiform sensory afferent axon propagation speeds in Acheta domesticus.
Analyzed differential propagation times of neural signals from cerci.
Investigated neural computations in cercal interneurons (INs).

Main Results:

All examined afferent axons exhibited similar propagation speeds.
A systematic differential propagation time was observed based on receptor location.
Cricket cerci function as delay lines, enabling direction and velocity sensitivity.
Identified "notch filtering" capabilities in interneurons due to delay-line processing.

Conclusions:

The physical dimensions and delay-line properties of cricket cerci are crucial for sensory processing.
Delay-line mechanisms in cerci allow for selective noise elimination and enhanced stimulus detection.
This study reveals sophisticated bioengineering principles in insect sensory systems.