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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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Related Experiment Video

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Analyzing Gene Expression from Marine Microbial Communities using Environmental Transcriptomics
13:51

Analyzing Gene Expression from Marine Microbial Communities using Environmental Transcriptomics

Published on: February 18, 2009

Comparative transcriptomics for mangrove species: an expanding resource.

Maheshi Dassanayake1, Jeff S Haas, Hans J Bohnert

  • 1Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, 505 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.

Functional & Integrative Genomics
|January 29, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed the Mangrove Transcriptome Database (MTDB), a new resource for studying mangrove and extremophile biology. It offers integrated transcriptomic data for 28 species, aiding research into plant adaptation.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Mangroves are vital coastal ecosystems facing environmental challenges.
  • Transcriptomic data is crucial for understanding plant adaptation and stress response.
  • Existing resources for mangrove transcriptomics are fragmented.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create an integrated, web-based platform for mangrove transcriptomic data.
  • To provide comprehensive annotation and pathway analysis for mangrove transcripts.
  • To facilitate research on mangrove biology and extremophile adaptation at the transcriptomic level.

Main Methods:

  • Compiled transcriptomic information from 28 available mangrove species.
  • Annotated sequences and performed Gene Ontology (GO) clustering.
  • Assigned sequences to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways.

Main Results:

  • Developed the Mangrove Transcriptome Database (MTDB) with integrated data.
  • MTDB provides annotated sequences, GO clusters, and KEGG pathway assignments.
  • Demonstrated MTDB's utility through analysis of mangrove microRNA (miRNA) precursor sequences and targets.

Conclusions:

  • MTDB is a valuable resource for transcriptomic-level research on mangroves and extremophiles.
  • The database enables comparative analysis of genetic elements like miRNAs with model plants.
  • MTDB supports future research into the unique adaptations of mangrove species.