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Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...
Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions01:24

Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions

The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
Anchoring Junctions01:03

Anchoring Junctions

Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Extracellular Matrix01:26

Extracellular Matrix

Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. This extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of fibrous proteins like collagen, elastin, and fibronectin in a ground substance consisting of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans. The proteoglycans form a gel-like material in the spaces between cells and provide hydration, buffering, binding, and force...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Identification of Enhancer-Promoter Contacts in Embryoid Bodies by Quantitative Chromosome Conformation Capture (4C)
10:02

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Published on: April 29, 2020

Gene expression in the third dimension: the ECM-nucleus connection.

Virginia A Spencer1, Ren Xu, Mina J Bissell

  • 1Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 977R225A, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. vaspencer@lbl.gov

Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia
|January 29, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The extracellular matrix influences cell behavior and tissue development. This review explores how the extracellular matrix affects nuclear structure and function to guide mammary gland development.

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Identification of Enhancer-Promoter Contacts in Embryoid Bodies by Quantitative Chromosome Conformation Capture (4C)
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Analyzing the Communication Between Monocytes and Primary Breast Cancer Cells in an Extracellular Matrix Extract (ECME)-based Three-dimensional System
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Published on: January 8, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cellular phenotype and tissue structure are dictated by cell-environment interactions.
  • Extracellular matrix (ECM) effects on cell growth and gene expression are known.
  • Nuclear mechanisms linking ECM to physiological events are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how ECM influences nuclear structure and function.
  • To discuss ECM's role in mammary gland epithelial morphogenesis and function.
  • To explore these mechanisms in a three-dimensional context.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on mammary epithelial cells.
  • Analysis of ECM-nucleus interactions in 3D culture models.
  • Discussion of molecular pathways involved.

Main Results:

  • ECM components bind to cell surface receptors, initiating signaling cascades.
  • These signals alter chromatin organization and nuclear architecture.
  • Changes in nuclear structure correlate with altered gene expression and cell behavior.

Conclusions:

  • ECM signaling profoundly impacts nuclear function and organization.
  • Understanding these nuclear mechanisms is crucial for tissue development and regeneration.
  • Further research into ECM-nuclear interplay can reveal therapeutic targets.