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Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle
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Hepatitis B virus X protein upregulates transcriptional activation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase

Hua Liu1, Wei Shi, Fang Luan

  • 1Institute of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44# Wenhua Xi Road, 250012 Jinan, People's Republic of China.

Virus Genes
|January 29, 2010
PubMed

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In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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