Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
Cerebral Edema l: Introduction01:19

Cerebral Edema l: Introduction

Cerebral edema is a pathological increase in brain water content that disrupts intracranial pressure regulation and impairs neurological function. Because the cranial vault is rigid, even modest increases in tissue volume can compromise cerebral perfusion, distort neural structures, and initiate secondary injury. Cerebral edema develops through four principal mechanisms: vasogenic, cytotoxic, interstitial, and ionic.Vasogenic EdemaVasogenic edema arises from disruption of the blood–brain...
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

Hypertension I: Introduction

Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

COMPARISON OF TRANSCRANIAL AND TRANSSPHENOIDAL APPROACHES IN INTRA AND SUPRASELLAR PITUITARY ADENOMAS - SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.

Acta endocrinologica (Bucharest, Romania : 2005)·2023
Same author

Centenary of Insulin Discovery (1921-2021): Nicolae Paulescu's Original Contributions.

Acta endocrinologica (Bucharest, Romania : 2005)·2022
Same author

Craniopharyngiomas in children - experience of consecutive 152 operated cases.

Acta endocrinologica (Bucharest, Romania : 2005)·2020
Same author

Editorial Comment.

Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery·2016
Same author

Genetic factors involves in intracranial aneurysms--actualities.

Journal of medicine and life·2015
Same author

Surgical Difficulties in a Case of Left Ophthalmic Artery Ruptured Aneurysm Associated with Right ICA hypoplasia - Case Report.

Chirurgia (Bucharest, Romania : 1990)·2015

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

A Detailed Protocol for Physiological Parameters Acquisition and Analysis in Neurosurgical Critical Patients
05:01

A Detailed Protocol for Physiological Parameters Acquisition and Analysis in Neurosurgical Critical Patients

Published on: October 17, 2017

Intracranial hypertension: classification and patterns of evolution.

St M Iencean1, A V Ciurea

  • 1Neurosurgery, Hospital Prof Dr N Oblu Iasi.

Journal of Medicine and Life
|January 30, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Intracranial hypertension (ICH) is categorized into four types based on cause. Understanding decompensation is key to managing this condition and preventing severe outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Intracranial hypertension (ICH) is a critical condition characterized by elevated pressure within the skull.
  • ICH can arise from various causes, including intrinsic cerebral issues, vascular disorders, cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, and idiopathic factors.
  • The development of ICH involves an initial increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) that can lead to a symptomatic and distinct syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematize the classification of intracranial hypertension based on etiology and pathogenic mechanisms.
  • To define the stages of intracranial hypertension syndrome, including compensated and decompensated states.
  • To outline the essential conditions leading to decompensation and the primary medical objectives in managing ICH.

Main Methods:

More Related Videos

Intracranial Pressure Monitoring In Nontraumatic Intraventricular Hemorrhage Rodent Model
08:18

Intracranial Pressure Monitoring In Nontraumatic Intraventricular Hemorrhage Rodent Model

Published on: February 8, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

A Detailed Protocol for Physiological Parameters Acquisition and Analysis in Neurosurgical Critical Patients
05:01

A Detailed Protocol for Physiological Parameters Acquisition and Analysis in Neurosurgical Critical Patients

Published on: October 17, 2017

Intracranial Pressure Monitoring In Nontraumatic Intraventricular Hemorrhage Rodent Model
08:18

Intracranial Pressure Monitoring In Nontraumatic Intraventricular Hemorrhage Rodent Model

Published on: February 8, 2022

  • Systematic categorization of ICH into four etiological and pathogenetic groups.
  • Description of the progression from increased ICP to symptomatic ICH syndrome.
  • Identification of factors contributing to the decompensation of ICH syndrome.

Main Results:

  • ICH is classified into parenchymatous, vascular, cerebrospinal fluid dynamics-related, and idiopathic categories.
  • Intracranial hypertension syndrome represents a compensated stage, while acute ICH signifies decompensation.
  • Decompensation occurs due to the speed, magnitude, and duration of elevated ICP.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of ICH requires understanding its specific etiology and pathogenic mechanisms.
  • Preventing ICP from exceeding 20 mm Hg and maintaining cerebral blood flow are crucial medical goals.
  • While emergency therapy for acute ICH is standardized, specific treatments vary based on the underlying cause.