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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Related Experiment Video

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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

Circumventing immune tolerance through epigenetic modification.

Jason A Dubovsky1, Alejandro Villagra, John J Powers

  • 1Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.

Current Pharmaceutical Design
|January 30, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Cancer immunotherapy faces challenges from tumors suppressing immune cells. A novel epigenetic "vaccinate-induce" strategy aims to overcome this T-lymphocyte tolerance for effective cancer treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Significant advancements in understanding immune cell activation and homeostasis.
  • Progress in defining cellular, molecular, and epigenetic networks in the tumor microenvironment.
  • Renewed enthusiasm for cancer immunotherapy potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent findings on cancer-induced T-lymphocyte tolerance.
  • To discuss a novel "vaccinate-induce" strategy to counteract immunosuppression.
  • To address obstacles hindering effective cancer immunotherapy translation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent findings on tumor-immune interactions.
  • Analysis of epigenetic regulation in the tumor microenvironment.
  • Exploration of strategies to overcome tumor-induced immune tolerance.

Main Results:

  • Tumors employ immunosuppressive strategies to inactivate host lymphocytes.
  • Tumors evade immune recognition via genetic, epigenetic, and stromal factors.
  • Novel approaches are emerging to make cancer cells vulnerable to immune attack.

Conclusions:

  • Cancer-induced T-lymphocyte tolerance is a major immunotherapy hurdle.
  • An epigenetic "vaccinate-induce" strategy shows promise.
  • Overcoming immune evasion is key to effective anti-cancer immunity.