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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
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Measurement of Carotenoids in Perifovea using the Macular Pigment Reflectometer
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Published on: January 29, 2020

[Hypercarotenaemia in an infant].

A Maruani1, F Labarthe, T Dupré

  • 1Université François-Rabelais, Tours, France. annabel-maruani@wanadoo.fr

Annales De Dermatologie Et De Venereologie
|January 30, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case study details a rare instance of hypercarotenaemia in a child, presenting with skin discoloration and itching. Researchers identified a potential enzyme defect as the cause, highlighting unusual symptoms in this carotenoid metabolism disorder.

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Quantitative Analysis of Dietary Vitamin A Metabolites in Murine Ocular and Non-Ocular Tissues Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
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Quantitative Analysis of Dietary Vitamin A Metabolites in Murine Ocular and Non-Ocular Tissues Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Published on: December 27, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Dermatology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Hypercarotenaemia results from elevated serum carotenoid levels, causing skin yellowing without conjunctival icterus.
  • Distinguishing hypercarotenaemia from jaundice is crucial, based on the absence of yellowing in the conjunctivae.

Observation:

  • A rare case of pediatric hypercarotenaemia starting at three months of age is presented.
  • Clinical manifestations included skin yellowing, orange palms/soles, xerosis, and pruritus.
  • Serum carotenoids were elevated, while serum vitamin A remained normal.

Findings:

  • Classical causes of hypercarotenaemia (dietary, drug-induced, metabolic) were ruled out.
  • A low-carotenoid diet led to reduced serum carotenoids and symptom regression, notably pruritus.
  • The pruritus, unusual in isolated hypercarotenaemia, suggests a complex underlying mechanism despite normal vitamin A levels.

Implications:

  • This case suggests a potential defect in beta-carotene 15,15'-oxygenase, an enzyme critical for vitamin A synthesis.
  • The unexplained pruritus in this case warrants further investigation into carotenoid metabolism and its cutaneous effects.
  • Understanding rare metabolic disorders like this improves diagnosis and management of pediatric skin conditions.