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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Swimming Exercise Protocol and Care Methods for Pregnant Rats

Swimming Exercise Protocol and Care Methods for Pregnant Rats

Published on: April 5, 2024

Is swimming during pregnancy a safe exercise?

Mette Juhl¹, Manolis Kogevinas, Per Kragh Andersen

¹National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, DK-1399 Copenhagen K, Denmark. metjuhl@gmail.com

Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)

|January 30, 2010

Summary

Swimming during pregnancy is not linked to adverse reproductive outcomes. This study found no increased risk of preterm birth or congenital malformations for pregnant swimmers.

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Area of Science:

Reproductive Health
Environmental Health
Exercise Science

Background:

Exercise in pregnancy is widely recommended, with swimming being a popular choice.
Concerns exist regarding potential adverse reproductive effects from swimming pool disinfection by-products.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between swimming during pregnancy and adverse reproductive outcomes.
Specific outcomes examined include preterm/postterm birth, fetal growth, small-for-gestational-age, and congenital malformations.

Main Methods:

Prospective data from 74,486 singleton pregnancies in The Danish National Birth Cohort (1996-2002).
Self-reported exercise data (swimming, bicycling, no exercise) collected twice during pregnancy.
Cox, linear, and logistic regression analyses were used, comparing swimmers and bicyclists to nonexercisers.

Main Results:

Swimming during early/mid-pregnancy showed a slightly reduced risk of preterm birth (HR=0.80) and congenital malformations (OR=0.89) compared to nonexercisers.
Risk estimates for swimmers and bicyclists were similar, suggesting exercise, not swimming specifically, may influence outcomes.
No significant associations were found for postterm birth or fetal growth measures.

Conclusions:

Swimming in pool water during pregnancy is not associated with adverse reproductive outcomes.
The findings support swimming as a safe exercise option for pregnant women.