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Isolation, Expansion, and Adipogenic Induction of CD34+CD31+ Endothelial Cells from Human Omental and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue
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Adipose depots possess unique developmental gene signatures.

Yuji Yamamoto1, Stephane Gesta1, Kevin Y Lee1

  • 1Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)
|January 30, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Different fat depots have unique developmental gene expression patterns, largely unaffected by diet or fasting. These developmental genes play a key role in fat distribution and adipose tissue development.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Adipose Tissue Biology

Background:

  • Subcutaneous and intra-abdominal adipose tissues exhibit distinct developmental gene expression.
  • Human studies show Tbx15 and Hoxa5 expression correlates with obesity and fat distribution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of developmental genes in adipose tissue.
  • To characterize developmental gene expression across various mouse adipose depots.
  • To examine gene regulation in obesity and during fasting.

Main Methods:

  • Compared developmental and adipogenic gene expression in six mouse adipose depots (two subcutaneous WAT, three intra-abdominal WAT, one BAT).
  • Analyzed gene expression in lean, obese (ob/ob, high-fat diet), fed, and fasted states.
  • Measured expression of specific developmental genes (Shox2, En1, Tbx15, Hoxa5, Hoxc8, Hoxc9) and adipogenic transcription factors (PPARgamma2, C/EBPalpha, beta, Delta).

Main Results:

  • Each of the six adipose depots displayed a unique developmental gene expression signature.
  • Adipogenic transcription factor expression remained constant across all depots.
  • Developmental gene expression was similar in obese and lean mice, with fasting causing minor, variable changes.

Conclusions:

  • Adipose depots possess distinct developmental gene expression profiles.
  • These unique signatures are largely independent of nutritional status (obesity or fasting).
  • Developmental genes are fundamental to fat distribution and the development/function of specific adipose tissues.