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Related Concept Videos

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy01:37

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been developed.
Overview of Microscopy Techniques01:22

Overview of Microscopy Techniques

The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
Flow Cytometry01:23

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Measuring Spatially- and Directionally-varying Light Scattering from Biological Material
11:57

Measuring Spatially- and Directionally-varying Light Scattering from Biological Material

Published on: May 20, 2013

Counting and classifying small objects by far-field light scattering.

W L Anderson, R E Beissner

    Applied Optics
    |January 30, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a novel method for counting and classifying small particles using light scattering patterns. The technique accurately determines particle size and shape distribution, enabling real-time analysis.

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    Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

    Measuring Spatially- and Directionally-varying Light Scattering from Biological Material
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    Published on: May 20, 2013

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    Measurement of Particle Size Distribution in Turbid Solutions by Dynamic Light Scattering Microscopy
    09:16

    Measurement of Particle Size Distribution in Turbid Solutions by Dynamic Light Scattering Microscopy

    Published on: January 9, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Optical physics
    • Particle characterization
    • Light scattering analysis

    Background:

    • Accurate particle size and shape determination is crucial in various scientific and industrial fields.
    • Existing methods for particle analysis can be limited in scope or real-time applicability.
    • Understanding light scattering phenomena is key to non-invasive particle measurement.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a new approach for small particle counting and classification.
    • To determine particle size and shape distribution from far-field light scattering patterns.
    • To develop inversion formulas for processing scattering data and suggest a real-time instrument design.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing the far-field pattern of light scattered by particles.
    • Assuming known scattering functions for different particle species.
    • Developing inversion formulas for particle distribution determination from scattering data.
    • Suggesting an experimental approach for a real-time optical instrument.

    Main Results:

    • A general method for particle size and shape distribution determination is presented.
    • The approach is applicable to both irregular and simply shaped particles.
    • Inversion formulas suitable for digital or optical processing are derived.
    • A pathway for designing a real-time optical counting and classifying instrument is outlined.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed method offers a versatile approach to small particle analysis.
    • The developed inversion formulas facilitate efficient data processing.
    • The study lays the groundwork for practical, real-time particle characterization instruments.