Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 16, 2026
09:44
Characterization of a Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strain Derived from Oreochromis spp. Farms Using Whole-Genome Sequencing
Published on: December 23, 2022
Genotypic diversity in Oenococcus oeni by high-density microarray comparative genome hybridization and whole genome
Anthony R Borneman1, Eveline J Bartowsky, Jane McCarthy
1The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, 5064, South Australia, Australia. anthony.borneman@awri.com.au
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
|January 30, 2010
Summary
Genomic analysis of Oenococcus oeni, a wine bacterium, reveals significant strain-specific DNA variations. These genetic differences likely explain the distinct industrial traits observed among different O. oeni strains.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Genomics
- Industrial Biotechnology
Background:
- Intra-specific genomic diversity in bacteria leads to varied phenotypes.
- Understanding strain-specific traits is crucial for industrial microorganisms like Oenococcus oeni used in winemaking.
- O. oeni strains exhibit significant differences in commercially important industrial phenotypes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the genetic basis of phenotypic variation in Oenococcus oeni strains.
- To identify strain-specific genomic regions responsible for distinct industrial characteristics.
Main Methods:
- Array-based comparative genome hybridization (aCGH) was used to map the genomic content of ten O. oeni wine strains.
- Whole genome sequencing was performed on one strain and compared to two previously sequenced strains.
Main Results:
- The ten O. oeni strains displayed substantial genomic diversity, with large genome sections absent in individual strains.
- Comparison of three strains revealed a conserved core of open reading frames (ORFs).
- Up to 10% of the coding potential in each strain was unique to that isolate.
Conclusions:
- The O. oeni genome is likely larger than the genome of any single strain.
- Strain-specific genomic regions are the probable cause of differences in industrial phenotypes.
- This highlights the importance of genomic diversity for optimizing industrial applications of O. oeni.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Modern Molecular Taxonomy
Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
02:54Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
01:08Evolution of Microbial Genome
Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.
02:02Genomics
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
01:20Applications of Molecular Taxonomy
Molecular taxonomy has revolutionized the understanding and classification of bacteria, providing precise insights into their diversity, evolutionary relationships, and ecological roles. By utilizing molecular techniques such as DNA sequencing and fingerprinting, researchers have made significant strides in various fields related to bacterial studies.Resolving Taxonomic AmbiguitiesMolecular taxonomy has been instrumental in distinguishing closely related bacterial species initially thought to...
00:46Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes
The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...