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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...

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Inflammation and cachexia in chronic kidney disease.

Wai W Cheung1, Kyung Hoon Paik, Robert H Mak

  • 1Division of Pediatrics Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0634, USA.

Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany)
|January 30, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Chronic inflammation in kidney disease patients causes cachexia, leading to muscle wasting and increased mortality. Understanding inflammation

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Identification of the Source of Secreted Proteins in the Kidney by Brefeldin A Injection
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Published on: November 30, 2016

Identification of the Source of Secreted Proteins in the Kidney by Brefeldin A Injection
10:15

Identification of the Source of Secreted Proteins in the Kidney by Brefeldin A Injection

Published on: November 10, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Chronic inflammation is a significant factor in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
  • Inflammation contributes to cachexia, characterized by appetite suppression and loss of protein stores.
  • Pro-inflammatory cytokines, elevated in CKD, are implicated in reduced appetite and muscle wasting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the link between chronic inflammation and cachexia in CKD/ESRD patients.
  • To explore the molecular mechanisms driving inflammation-induced cachexia.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for cachexia in chronic kidney disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on inflammation, cachexia, and CKD.
  • Analysis of the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in appetite regulation and metabolism.
  • Investigation of molecular pathways, including nuclear factor-kappaB and ATP-ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis.

Main Results:

  • Inflammation suppresses appetite and promotes catabolism of lean body mass and fat.
  • Pro-inflammatory cytokines impact central nervous system appetite regulation and energy metabolism.
  • Specific molecular pathways mediate inflammation-induced muscle wasting in CKD patients.

Conclusions:

  • Cachexia in CKD/ESRD results from a combination of decreased appetite and increased catabolism, driven by inflammation.
  • Molecular pathways offer targets for novel therapeutic interventions.
  • Further research into these pathways could lead to treatments for this fatal complication.