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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
The probe is regarded as the heart of any AFM setup and comprises the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Picoinjection of Microfluidic Drops Without Metal Electrodes
09:20

Picoinjection of Microfluidic Drops Without Metal Electrodes

Published on: April 18, 2014

Microcontroller-driven fluid-injection system for atomic force microscopy.

S Kasas1, L Alonso, P Jacquet

  • 1Institut de Physique des Systèmes Biologiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. sandor.kasas@epfl.ch

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|February 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new injection system for atomic force microscopy. This allows high-resolution imaging during medium exchange, enabling real-time observation of DNA changes during drug delivery.

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a powerful tool for nanoscale imaging.
  • Real-time observation of dynamic processes in liquid environments is challenging.
  • In-situ sample manipulation during AFM imaging can cause disturbances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a programmable, microcontroller-driven injection system for AFM.
  • To enable high-resolution imaging during fluid exchange.
  • To observe dynamic molecular events during drug delivery in real-time.

Main Methods:

  • A custom-built, low-noise injection system controlled by a microcontroller.
  • Integration of the injection system with an atomic force microscope.
  • Real-time imaging of DNA conformational changes during drug injection.

Main Results:

  • The system allows for seamless exchange of imaging medium without disturbing high-resolution AFM imaging.
  • Demonstrated online imaging of DNA conformational changes.
  • Successfully visualized the interaction of an anticancer drug with DNA in a fluid chamber.

Conclusions:

  • The developed injection system overcomes limitations in dynamic AFM studies.
  • Enables unprecedented real-time visualization of molecular processes.
  • Opens new avenues for studying drug-molecule interactions and nanoscale biological events.