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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Multi-locus Variable-number Tandem-repeat Analysis of the Fish-pathogenic Bacterium Yersinia ruckeri by Multiplex PCR and Capillary Electrophoresis

Multi-locus Variable-number Tandem-repeat Analysis of the Fish-pathogenic Bacterium Yersinia ruckeri by Multiplex PCR and Capillary Electrophoresis

Published on: June 17, 2019

Bordetella pertussis clones identified by multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis.

Jacob Kurniawan¹, Ram P Maharjan, Wai Fong Chan

¹University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Emerging Infectious Diseases

|February 2, 2010

Summary

Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) of Bordetella pertussis revealed 66 distinct types over 40 years. Some prevalent types in Australia showed potential vaccine-driven genetic changes.

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Multi-locus Variable-number Tandem-repeat Analysis of the Fish-pathogenic Bacterium Yersinia ruckeri by Multiplex PCR and Capillary Electrophoresis

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Published on: July 15, 2011

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Genetics
Epidemiology

Background:

Bordetella pertussis causes whooping cough, a significant public health concern.
Pertussis outbreaks have been observed despite high vaccination rates, suggesting potential pathogen evolution.
Understanding genetic diversity is crucial for effective pertussis control and vaccine development.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the genetic diversity of Bordetella pertussis isolates over a 40-year period.
To identify predominant strains and track their evolution.
To investigate potential associations between genetic changes and acellular pertussis vaccines.

Main Methods:

Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) was performed on 316 Bordetella pertussis isolates.
Isolates were collected over 40 years from Australia and three other continents.
Genes encoding acellular vaccine antigens were typed.

Main Results:

A total of 66 distinct MLVA types (MTs) were identified.
Six predominant MTs were identified globally.
Two MTs prevalent in Australia exhibited genetic changes in genes encoding acellular vaccine antigens, suggesting potential vaccine-driven evolution.

Conclusions:

MLVA is effective in characterizing the genetic diversity of Bordetella pertussis.
The study identified key circulating strains and highlighted potential adaptive evolution in response to vaccination.
Further research is warranted to confirm the impact of vaccine pressure on Bordetella pertussis evolution.