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Related Concept Videos

Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management01:23

Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management

During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...
Hypoglycemia01:26

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus01:22

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
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Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Peri-operative hyperglycemia: a consideration for general surgery?

Wendy F Bower1, Ping Yin Lee, Alice P S Kong

  • 1Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. wendyb@surgery.cuhk.edu.hk

American Journal of Surgery
|February 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Nondiabetic patients undergoing major general surgery often experience significant intraoperative hyperglycemia, with blood glucose levels rising upon anesthesia induction. This study identified factors influencing these glycemic changes, aiding further research into surgical outcomes.

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Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice
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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
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Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice
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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Endocrinology
  • General Surgery

Background:

  • Intraoperative hyperglycemia is linked to increased morbidity in cardiac and neurosurgical patients.
  • Limited data exists on perioperative glycemic profiles in general surgical patients, especially nondiabetic individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review perioperative glycemic profiles in nondiabetic patients undergoing major general surgery.
  • To identify factors influencing glycemic level changes during surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of studies published since 1980 on blood glucose levels during major general surgery.
  • Data extraction included glycemic measures, patient demographics, surgical details, and anesthetic regimens.
  • Exclusion criteria focused on specific patient conditions and surgical types.

Main Results:

  • Nondiabetic patients showed a significant increase in blood glucose levels upon anesthesia induction (P < .001).
  • Hyperglycemia was reported in 30-40% of studies at various time points (incision, 2, 4, 6 hours).

Conclusions:

  • Factors influencing perioperative glycemic variability in nondiabetic patients were identified.
  • This research provides a foundation for investigating the impact of hyperglycemia on general surgical outcomes.