[Sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome 2009]

Sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is a highly prevalent disease in the general population and, due to its social and health repercussions, has become a major public health problem. The definition of this syndrome, as well as that of respiratory event, have been refined. The role of inflammatory mechanisms in the development of cardiovascular disease is currently under investigation and biological markers will probably be added, both in the definition of SAHS and in the choice of treatment. Although the gold standard in diagnosis is polysomnography, respiratory polygraphy has become a valid and complementary alternative, since this technique is a simplified method that can be performed in the home to confirm or exclude this disease. Expert systems such as single-channel devices may help to simplify diagnosis. Currently, the mainstay of treatment is still continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP); this modality is mainly indicated in patients with moderate or severe SAHS and has been shown to reduce mortality in this group.