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Related Concept Videos

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS

Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy01:25

Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy

The colon, or large intestine, is the final segment of the digestive system. Its primary functions include absorbing water and vitamins produced by gut bacteria and transforming waste from liquid to solid to form stool. In adults, the large intestine is approximately 5 feet long and consists of four main sections:
Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS01:17

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
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Intestinal obstruction triggers a series of physiological responses, starting with gas and fluid accumulation in the bowel segment proximal to the obstruction, leading to distension. This distended intestine compresses the diaphragm, hindering lung expansion and potentially leading to reduced respiratory effort, atelectasis, and pneumonia.To overcome the blockage, the gut intensifies contractions, causing colicky abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, which reduces fluid and food intake and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation via Colonoscopy for Recurrent C. difficile Infection
07:06

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation via Colonoscopy for Recurrent C. difficile Infection

Published on: December 8, 2014

Postoperative Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.

William N Southern1, Rabin Rahmani, Olga Aroniadis

  • 1Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA. wsouther@montefiore.org

Surgery
|February 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Abdominal surgery patients have a 1.2% risk of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD). Avoidable pre-operative factors like antibiotic and proton pump inhibitor use increase this risk, but postoperative CDAD has a lower mortality rate.

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Published on: December 10, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Surgical Infections
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) is a known complication following abdominal surgery.
  • Understanding pre-operative risk factors and outcomes is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify pre-operative factors associated with postoperative CDAD.
  • To examine the outcomes of patients with postoperative CDAD.
  • To compare outcomes between postoperative and medical CDAD cases.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 3904 abdominal surgery patients.
  • Logistic regression to identify pre-operative risk factors for CDAD.
  • Comparison of demographic, clinical characteristics, recurrence, and mortality between surgical and medical CDAD patients.

Main Results:

  • The 30-day postoperative CDAD rate was 1.2%.
  • Significant risk factors included antibiotic use (OR: 1.94), proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use (OR: 2.32), prior hospitalization (OR: 2.27), and low serum albumin (OR: 2.05).
  • Postoperative CDAD patients had a lower risk of mortality (HR 0.36) compared to medical CDAD patients.

Conclusions:

  • CDAD is an infrequent but significant complication after abdominal surgery.
  • Avoidable pre-operative exposures like antibiotic and PPI use increase CDAD risk.
  • Postoperative CDAD is associated with a reduced mortality risk compared to CDAD in medical patients.