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Two Methods for Decellularization of Plant Tissues for Tissue Engineering Applications

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Carbohydrate engineered cells for regenerative medicine.

Jian Du¹, Kevin J Yarema

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, USA.

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews

|February 2, 2010

Summary

Carbohydrates, including proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans, are crucial for stem cell niche function. Metabolic glycoengineering offers a new way to manipulate these sugars for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

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Area of Science:

Carbohydrate chemistry
Developmental biology
Regenerative medicine

Background:

Carbohydrates are essential components of the stem cell niche.
Proteoglycans form the extracellular matrix (ECM), glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) link cells, and oligosaccharides provide cellular identity.
Understanding carbohydrate roles is key to stem cell research.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the roles of glycans in development.
To introduce metabolic glycoengineering as a method for manipulating cellular carbohydrates.
To highlight its potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Main Methods:

Metabolic glycoengineering involves introducing monosaccharide analogs into cellular metabolic pathways.
These analogs are biosynthetically incorporated into the cell's glycocalyx.
This technique overcomes previous barriers in carbohydrate manipulation.

Main Results:

Glycans play diverse roles in cellular development and function.
Metabolic glycoengineering enables precise manipulation of cellular carbohydrates.
This approach shows promise for therapeutic applications.

Conclusions:

Carbohydrates are fundamental to stem cell niche organization and function.
Metabolic glycoengineering provides a powerful tool for studying and manipulating glycans.
This technique opens new avenues for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.