Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 16, 2026
13:42
Quantitation of Rabies Virus in Various Bovine Brain Structures
Published on: May 22, 2021
Bovine viral diarrhea virus: global status
1Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA. julia.ridpath@ars.usda.gov
The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice
|February 2, 2010
Summary
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes significant economic losses in livestock despite eradication efforts. Understanding BVDV
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Animal Health Economics
Background:
- Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections continue to cause substantial economic losses for livestock producers.
- The virus exhibits significant genetic and phenotypic diversity, influencing its virulence and disease presentation.
- BVDV affects various domestic and wild ruminant species.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize recent advances in BVDV research and diagnostics.
- To highlight the components of effective regional BVDV eradication and control programs.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent scientific literature on BVDV.
- Analysis of factors influencing BVDV clinical presentation.
- Evaluation of successful BVDV control strategies.
Main Results:
- BVDV strains vary in genotype, biotype, virulence, and infection types.
- Clinical signs are influenced by viral strain, host species, immune status, reproductive status, age, and coinfections.
- Advances in diagnostics and research support eradication programs.
Conclusions:
- Effective BVDV control requires integrated strategies.
- Biosecurity, surveillance, and targeted control measures are crucial for successful eradication.
- Continued research and diagnostics are essential for managing BVDV.
Related Concept Videos
01:18Bacterial Gastroenteritis
Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
01:28Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction
Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
01:25Arboviral Encephalitis
Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
01:27Cytomegalovirus Disease
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
01:17Poliomyelitis
Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
01:25Inhibitors Of Virion Release
Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...