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Visualization of Intensity Levels to Reduce the Gap Between Self-Reported and Directly Measured Physical Activity
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Measures of physical activity using cell phones: validation using criterion methods.

Christin Bexelius1, Marie Löf, Sven Sandin

  • 1Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Christin.Bexelius@ki.se

Journal of Medical Internet Research
|February 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A Java-based cell phone questionnaire for physical activity level (PAL) assessment showed good agreement with reference values. This method offers a feasible and cost-effective alternative to paper questionnaires for large-scale studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Biomedical Informatics

Background:

  • Physical activity is crucial for reducing chronic disease risk.
  • Traditional paper questionnaires for physical activity data collection have limitations in validity.
  • More effective and accurate data collection methods are needed for large-scale epidemiological studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility of using a Java-based cell phone application for repeated physical activity level (PAL) measurements.
  • To compare data from the cell phone questionnaire with reference estimates (doubly labeled water and indirect calorimetry).
  • To assess the agreement between cell phone-derived PAL and traditional paper questionnaire-derived PAL against reference values.

Main Methods:

  • A Java-based cell phone application was used for daily reporting of physical activity by 22 women over 14 days (PAL(cell)).
  • Physical activity levels were compared against reference data (PAL(ref)) from doubly labeled water and indirect calorimetry.
  • Results were also compared with two paper questionnaires (PAL(quest1), PAL(quest2)) using Bland and Altman analysis.

Main Results:

  • The cell phone questionnaire (PAL(cell)) demonstrated a small mean difference (0.014) and narrow limits of agreement (2SD = 0.30) with reference values (PAL(ref)).
  • Paper questionnaires showed wider limits of agreement (2SD = 0.50 and 0.90) and significant trends of disagreement with reference values.
  • The Java-based cell phone method proved more accurate and reliable than paper questionnaires for assessing physical activity levels.

Conclusions:

  • Daily administration of a Java-based physical activity questionnaire via cell phones yields PAL estimates with good agreement to reference values.
  • Cell phone-based PAL data exhibited narrower limits of agreement compared to paper questionnaires.
  • Java-based cell phone questionnaires represent a feasible, cost-effective tool for collecting physical activity data in large prospective studies.