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Related Concept Videos

Flame Photometry: Lab01:16

Flame Photometry: Lab

In a flame photometer, when a solution like potassium chloride is aspirated into the flame, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind dehydrated salt. This salt dissociates into free gaseous atoms in their ground state. Some of these atoms absorb energy from the flame, leading to their excitation. The excited atoms return to the ground state, emitting photons at characteristic wavelengths. Because only electronic transitions are involved, the resulting emission lines are very narrow. The intensity...
UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...

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Field Measurement of Effective Leaf Area Index using Optical Device in Vegetation Canopy
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Nimbus limb radiometer, apollo fine sun sensor, and skylab multispectral scanner.

J C Kollodge, J R Thomas, R A Weagant

    Applied Optics
    |February 2, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    Honeywell developed advanced electrooptical systems for NASA, including an infrared radiometer for global temperature mapping, a precise sun sensor for solar tracking, and a multispectral mapper for Earth resource applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Electro-optics
    • Remote Sensing
    • Astrophysics

    Background:

    • NASA and Honeywell Radiation Center collaboration on advanced sensor technology.
    • Need for sophisticated instruments for Earth observation and space exploration.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe three distinct electro-optical systems developed for NASA missions.
    • Highlighting capabilities in infrared detection, solar tracking, and multispectral imaging.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a multichannel infrared radiometer with long-term cryogenic cooling.
    • Design of the Apollo telescope mount fine sun sensor utilizing solar radiation properties.
    • Implementation of the Skylab S-192 multispectral mapper with thirteen spectral channels.

    Main Results:

    • The infrared radiometer enables global temperature and constituent inferences.
    • The sun sensor achieves high-precision tracking of solar targets within +/-2 arc seconds.
    • The multispectral mapper provides data for diverse Earth resources applications.

    Conclusions:

    • These electro-optical systems represent significant advancements in remote sensing and space instrumentation.
    • The developed technologies support critical NASA objectives in Earth science and solar observation.