Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Root Mean Square00:57

Root Mean Square

If in an experiment, data values have a probability of being both positive and negative, neither the arithmetic mean, the geometric mean, nor the harmonic mean can be used to calculate the central tendency of the data set. In particular, if the positive and negative values are equally likely, the arithmetic mean is close to zero.
For example, consider the velocity of gas molecules in a container. The gas molecules are moving in different directions, which might impart positive and negative...
Residuals and Least-Squares Property01:11

Residuals and Least-Squares Property

The vertical distance between the actual value of y and the estimated value of y. In other words, it measures the vertical distance between the actual data point and the predicted point on the line
If the observed data point lies above the line, the residual is positive, and the line underestimates the actual data value for y. If the observed data point lies below the line, the residual is negative, and the line overestimates the actual data value for y.
The process of fitting the best-fit...
Calibration Curves: Linear Least Squares01:20

Calibration Curves: Linear Least Squares

A calibration curve is a plot of the instrument's response against a series of known concentrations of a substance. This curve is used to set the instrument response levels, using the substance and its concentrations as standards. Alternatively, or additionally, an equation is fitted to the calibration curve plot and subsequently used to calculate the unknown concentrations of other samples reliably.
For data that follow a straight line, the standard method for fitting is the linear...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same journal

Multifunctional reconfigurable terahertz metasurface based on vanadium dioxide phase transition: achieving broadband absorption and efficient polarization conversion.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-Q-factor electromagnetically induced transparency utilizing quasi-bound states in the continuum in an all-dielectric terahertz metasurface.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Automated stitching interferometry for high-precision metrology of X-ray mirrors.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Experimental demonstration of an approach to designing a metal-dielectric DBR resonant cavity structure.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-precision wavefront reconstruction from a single-shot interferogram using a physics-driven hybrid feature calibration network.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Ultra-high-Q Fano resonance based on coupled topological corner states in Kagome photonic crystals.

Applied optics·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging
08:30

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging

Published on: September 11, 2011

X-ray image enhancement by least-mean-square estimation.

D G Cain

    Applied Optics
    |February 2, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces an optimized spatial filter to improve radiographic image quality by reducing x-ray penumbra effects and random noise. The binary filter significantly enhances diagnostic imaging, overcoming key limitations in medical radiography.

    Area of Science:

    • Medical Imaging
    • Radiography
    • Image Processing

    Background:

    • Radiographic image quality is limited by x-ray penumbra effect and random noise.
    • The x-ray penumbra effect stems from the finite focal spot of x-ray tubes.
    • Inherent noise sources further degrade image clarity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To devise an optimum spatial filter for enhancing radiographic images.
    • To address the limitations imposed by the x-ray penumbra effect and noise.
    • To achieve substantive image improvement through digital filtering techniques.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of an optimum spatial filter.
    • Realization of the filter in a binary form.
    • Evaluation of the filter's performance in improving image quality.

    More Related Videos

    Magnetic Resonance Elastography Methodology for the Evaluation of Tissue Engineered Construct Growth
    12:18

    Magnetic Resonance Elastography Methodology for the Evaluation of Tissue Engineered Construct Growth

    Published on: February 9, 2012

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

    X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging
    08:30

    X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging

    Published on: September 11, 2011

    Magnetic Resonance Elastography Methodology for the Evaluation of Tissue Engineered Construct Growth
    12:18

    Magnetic Resonance Elastography Methodology for the Evaluation of Tissue Engineered Construct Growth

    Published on: February 9, 2012

    Main Results:

    • The devised spatial filter provides substantive image improvement.
    • The binary realization of the filter is effective.
    • Key limiting factors of radiographic quality were addressed.

    Conclusions:

    • An optimized binary spatial filter can significantly enhance radiographic image quality.
    • This approach effectively mitigates the impact of x-ray penumbra and noise.
    • The developed filter offers a practical solution for improving diagnostic imaging.